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Howard da Silva

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Howard da Silva
Da Silva in Unconquered (1947).
Born
Howard Silverblatt

(1909-05-04)May 4, 1909
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.
DiedFebruary 16, 1986(1986-02-16) (aged 76)
Ossining, New York, U.S.
Occupations
  • Actor
  • singer
Years active1930–1984
Spouses
Evelyn Horowitz
​
​
(m. 1930, divorced)​
Jane Taylor
​
​
(m. 1941; div. 1948)​
​
​
(m. 1950; div. 1961)​
Nancy Nutter
​
(m. 1961)​
Children5
Signature

Howard da Silva (born Howard Silverblatt; May 4, 1909 – February 16, 1986) was an American actor, singer, and theatre director. He was cast in dozens of productions on the New York stage, appeared in more than two dozen television programs, and acted in more than 50 feature films.

Adept at both drama and musicals on the stage, he originated the role of Jud Fry in the original 1943 run of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma!, and also portrayed the prosecuting attorney in the 1957 stage production of Compulsion. Da Silva was nominated for a 1960 Tony Award as Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his work in Fiorello!, a musical about New York City mayor LaGuardia.[1] In 1961, da Silva directed Purlie Victorious, by Ossie Davis.

Many of his early feature films were of the noir genre in which he often played villains, such as Eddie Harwood in The Blue Dahlia and the sadistic Captain Francis Thompson in Two Years Before the Mast (both 1946). Da Silva's performances as historic figures are among some of his most notable work: he was Lincoln's brawling friend Jack Armstrong in both play (1939) and film (1940) versions of Abe Lincoln in Illinois written by Robert Sherwood; Benjamin Franklin in the 1969–1972 stage musical 1776 and a reprisal of the role for the 1972 film version of the production; Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in The Missiles of October (1974); Franklin D. Roosevelt in The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977); and Louis B. Mayer in Mommie Dearest (1981).

Da Silva's American television character work included the defense attorney representing the robot in The Outer Limits episode "I, Robot" (1964), and district attorney Anthony Cleese in For the People (1965). In the 1970s, da Silva appeared in 26 episodes of the radio series the CBS Radio Mystery Theater. For his performance as Eddie in the Great Performances production of Verna: USO Girl (1978), the actor received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special.[2]

Early life

[edit]

Da Silva was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bertha (née Sen) and Benjamin Silverblatt, a dress cutter. His parents were both immigrants, Yiddish-speaking Jews born in the Russian Empire. His mother was a women's-rights activist.[3] Before beginning his acting career on the stage, he was employed as a steelworker.[citation needed]

Da Silva was a graduate of the Carnegie Institute of Technology. He studied acting with Eva Le Gallienne beginning in 1928 at the Civic Repertory Theatre.[3] He changed his surname for acting purposes, adopting the Portuguese Da Silva (his name is sometimes misspelled Howard De Silva).[4]

Career

[edit]
Marc Blitzstein, Howard Da Silva and Olive Stanton in the Mercury Theatre production of The Cradle Will Rock (1938)

Da Silva appeared in a number of Broadway musicals, including the role of Larry Foreman in the legendary first production of Marc Blitzstein's musical The Cradle Will Rock (1938).[5] Later, he costarred in the original 1943 stage production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Oklahoma!, playing the role of the psychopathic Jud Fry. He was the easygoing Ben Marino who opposed Tammany Hall in the Pulitzer winning musical Fiorello!.

Da Silva and other cast members of 1776 with Richard Nixon following a performance of the Tony Award-winning musical in the East Room of the White House (1971)

In 1969, da Silva originated the role of Benjamin Franklin in the musical 1776. Four days before the show opened on Broadway, he suffered a minor heart attack but refused to seek medical assistance because he wanted to make sure critics saw his performance. After the four official critic performances were over, the cast left to go to the cast party and da Silva went to the hospital and immediately took a leave of absence from the production.[6] While da Silva recuperated, his understudy, Rex Everhart, took over the role[7] and performed on the cast recording. Da Silva was able to reprise his role in the 1972 film version and appeared on that soundtrack album.

Da Silva did summer stock at the Pine Brook Country Club, located in the countryside of Nichols, Connecticut, with the Group Theatre (New York) formed by Harold Clurman, Cheryl Crawford and Lee Strasberg in the 1930s and early 1940s.[8][9]

Da Silva appeared in over 60 motion pictures. Some of his memorable roles include a leading mutineer in The Sea Wolf (1941), Ray Milland's bartender in The Lost Weekend (1945), and the half-blind criminal "Chicamaw 'One-Eye' Mobley" in They Live by Night (1949). He also released an album on Monitor Records (MP 595) of political songs and ballads entitled Politics and Poker.[10]

Da Silva returned to the stage, and he was nominated for the 1960 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical for his role as "Ben Marino" in Fiorello! (1959). After being blacklisted, da Silva and Nelson left Los Angeles for New York to perform in The World of Sholom Aleichem.[11]

Da Silva was nominated for the British BAFTA Film Award for Best Foreign Actor for his performance as Dr. Swinford in David and Lisa (1962).[12] Da Silva portrayed Soviet Premier Khrushchev in the television docudrama The Missiles of October (1974). He won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special for his role as Eddie in Verna: U.S.O. Girl (1978) with Sissy Spacek.

Da Silva's TV guest appearances, after the era in which blacklisting was strongest, include such programs as The Outer Limits, Ben Casey, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Fugitive, Gentle Ben, Mannix, Love, American Style, Kung Fu, and Archie Bunker's Place.

Da Silva also played President Franklin D. Roosevelt in The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977), Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer in Mommie Dearest (1981), and American statesman Benjamin Franklin in both 1776 (1972) and a documentary depicting the life of Ben Franklin shown at Franklin's house in Philadelphia, as well as in a television commercial for Consolidated Edison. He appeared in two different film adaptations of F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel, The Great Gatsby. In the 1949 production with Alan Ladd as Gatsby, da Silva played garage owner George Wilson; in the 1974 film with Robert Redford, da Silva was Meyer Wolfsheim, the flamboyant gambler with the interesting cufflinks. In his final appearance on screen, da Silva played a New York photographer fascinated with the reclusive Greta Garbo in the film Garbo Talks (1984), directed by Sidney Lumet.

He also did voice acting in 26 episodes of the popular 1974–82 radio thriller series CBS Radio Mystery Theater (between July 1974 and February 1977).[13] In 1978, he recorded linking narration for episodes of the British television program Doctor Who broadcast in the United States.

Blacklisting

[edit]

Da Silva became one of hundreds of artists blacklisted in the entertainment industry during the House Committee on Unamerican Activities investigation into alleged Communist influence in the industry. Following his March 1951 testimony, in which he repeatedly invoked his Fifth Amendment rights,[14] his lead performance in the completed feature film Slaughter Trail was re-shot with actor Brian Donlevy.[15] Da Silva continued to find work on the New York stage, but did not work in feature films again until 1961 when he appeared in David and Lisa (a BAFTA-nominated performance).[12][16] He was eventually cleared of any charges in 1960,[17] but not before his career in television had also stalled, with no work between 1951 and 1959 when he appeared in The Play of the Week. The brief respite was followed by another television career void until his appearance in a 1963 episode of The Defenders. That was the beginning of the end of da Silva's blacklist, and the show's producer Herb Brodkin paired da Silva with William Shatner when he created the television series For the People.[18]

Personal life

[edit]

Da Silva's first wife was Evelyn Horowitz. They were married on August 13, 1930, in Manhattan, New York City.[19]

His second wife was stage actress Jane Louise Taylor, born in 1913 in New York.[20] They were married in January 1941 in Yuma, Arizona, and had one son.[21][22] They were divorced on July 28, 1948, in Los Angeles, California.[23]

His third wife was actress Marjorie Nelson; they were married on August 19, 1950, in Hollywood, California.[24][25] Da Silva and Nelson had two daughters and were divorced on May 9, 1961, in Juárez, Mexico.[26]

His fourth wife was Nancy Nutter; they were married in May or June 1961 in Greenwich, England.[27]

Death

[edit]

Da Silva died of lymphoma, aged 76, in Ossining, New York.[3]

Filmography

[edit]

Film

[edit]
Year Title Role Director(s) Notes Ref.
1935 Once in a Blue Moon Bit part Ben Hecht, Charles MacArthur Uncredited [28]
1938 Marie Antoinette Toulon W. S. Van Dyke
1940 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Jack Armstrong John Cromwell [29]
I'm Still Alive Red Garvey Irving Reis [30]
1941 The Dog in the Orchard Foster Jean Negulesco Short film
The Sea Wolf Harrison Michael Curtiz [31]
Strange Alibi Monson D. Ross Lederman [32]
Sergeant York Lem Howard Hawks [33]
Bad Men of Missouri Greg Bilson Ray Enright [34]
Three Sons o' Guns Radio announcer Benjamin Stoloff Uncredited
Navy Blues Petty Officer Lloyd Bacon [35]
Nine Lives Are Not Enough J.B. Murray – City Editor A. Edward Sutherland [36]
Blues in the Night Sam Paryas Anatole Litvak [37]
At the Stroke of Twelve Angie the Ox Jean Negulesco Short film
Steel Against the Sky Bugs Little A. Edward Sutherland [38]
1942 Wild Bill Hickok Rides Ringo Ray Enright [39]
Bullet Scars Frank Dillon D. Ross Lederman [40]
Juke Girl Cully Curtis Bernhardt [41]
The Big Shot Sandor Lewis Seiler [42]
The Omaha Trail Ben Santley Edward Buzzell [43]
Reunion in France Anton Stregel Jules Dassin [44]
Native Land Jim Leo Hurwitz, Paul Strand Documentary [45]
1943 Keeper of the Flame Jason Rickards George Cukor [46]
Tonight We Raid Calais Sgt. Block John Brahm [47]
1945 Duffy's Tavern Tough guy Hal Walker [48]
The Lost Weekend Nat Billy Wilder [49]
1946 The Blue Dahlia Eddie Harwood George Marshall [50]
Two Years Before the Mast Captain Francis A. Thompson John Farrow [51]
1947 Blaze of Noon Mike Gafferty John Farrow [52]
Variety Girl Himself George Marshall [53]
Unconquered Martin Garth Cecil B. DeMille [54]
1948 They Live by Night Chickamaw Nicholas Ray [55]
1949 The Great Gatsby Wilson Elliott Nugent [56]
Border Incident Owen Parkson Anthony Mann [57]
1950 The Underworld Story Carl Durham Cy Endfield [58]
Wyoming Mail Cavanaugh Reginald LeBorg [59]
Tripoli Capt. Demetrios Will Price [60]
Three Husbands Dan McCabe Irving Reis [61]
1951 Fourteen Hours Deputy Police Chief Moskar Henry Hathaway [62]
M Inspector Carney Joseph Losey [63]
1962 David and Lisa Dr. Alan Swinford Frank Perry [64]
1964 The Outrage Prospector Martin Ritt [65]
Hamlet Claudius Bruce Minnix, Joseph Papp Taped New York Shakespeare Festival performance [66]
1966 Nevada Smith Warden Henry Hathaway [67]
1972 1776 Benjamin Franklin Peter H. Hunt [68]
1974 The Great Gatsby Meyer Wolfsheim Jack Clayton [69]
1975 I'm a Stranger Here Myself Narrator David Halpern [70]
1976 Hollywood on Trial Himself David Helpern [71]
1977 The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt Larry Cohen [72]
1981 Mommie Dearest Louis B. Mayer Frank Perry [73]
1984 Garbo Talks Angelo Dokakis Sidney Lumet [74]

Television

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes Ref.
1950 The Silver Theatre Episode: "My Heart's in the Highlands" [75]
1951 The Bigelow Theatre Episode: "My Heart's in the Highlands"
1959 The Play of the Week Dupont-Dufour Sr. Episode: "Thieves Carnival"
1963 The Defenders Peter Cole Episode: "The Bagman"
East Side/West Side Wallace Mapes Episode: "I Believe E Except After C" [76]
The Doctors and the Nurses Dr. McClendon Episode: "Disaster Call"
1964 The Defenders Arnold Fermuller Episode: "The Man Who"
The Outer Limits Thurman Cutler Episode: "I, Robot" [77]
1965 For the People Anthony Celese 13 episodes [78]
Ben Casey Ulysses Pagoras Episode: "The Day They Stole Country General"
Ben Casey Cantor Nathan Birmbaum Episode: "A Nightingale Named Nathan" [79]
1966 The Man from U.N.C.L.E. Captain Basil Calhoun Episode: "The Foreign Legion Affair" [80]
The Loner Gonzales Episode: "To Hang a Dead Man"
The Fugitive Pete Dawes Episode: "Death is the Door Prize" [81]
1967 N.Y.P.D. Dimitchik Episode: "Old Gangsters Never Die"
Gentle Ben Phillip Garrett Episode: "Battle of Wedlow Woods" [82]
1968 Mannix Aram Karmalis Episode: "You Can Get Killed Out There"
1972 Keep the Faith Rabbi Mossman TV film [83]
1973 Love, American Style Doctor Wazanskyi Episode: "Love and the End of the Line"
Kung Fu Otto Schultz Episode: "The Hoots"
1974 Smile Jenny, You're Dead Lt. Humphrey Kenner TV film [66]
The Missiles of October Nikita Khrushchev [66]
1976 The American Parade William M Tweed Episode: "Stop, Thief!" [84]
1977 Insight Arnstein Episode: "Arnstein's Miracle"
1978 When the Boat Comes In Himself (host) US broadcast
Verna: USO Girl Eddie TV film [66]
1980 Power Jack Eisenstadt [66]
The Greatest Man in the World Conklin [85]
1983 Archie Bunker's Place Abe Rabinowitz Episode: "The Promotion" [86]
Masquerade General Breznin Pilot episode [87]
1984 American Playhouse Critic Episode: "The Cafeteria" [88]

Doctor Who

[edit]

Da Silva provided linking narration for North American broadcasts of Doctor Who, providing continuity announcements for episodes from season 12 through season 15, ostensibly to help North American audiences get acclimatized to the nature of serial storytelling, which was then uncommon on non-soap-operatic television in the United States and Canada. His narration accompanied the earliest runs of Doctor Who as broadcast on American PBS stations and Canadian broadcasters like TVOntario during the 1970s and early 1980s. Typically, after Doctor Who had been run on a station for a while, the linking narration was removed as unnecessary.[89] Nevertheless, the announcements were so familiar a part of some viewers' experience of Doctor Who that they became a standard extra feature on BBC DVD releases of early Tom Baker serials.[90]

Stage credits

[edit]
Date Title Role(s) Venue(s) Other notes Ref.
Opening Closing
04/21/1930 05/1930 Romeo and Juliet Apothecary Civic Repertory Theatre, New York [91]
10/06/1930 unknown The Green Cockatoo Scaevola [92]
10/06/1930 11/1930 Romeo and Juliet Apothecary [93]
10/20/1930 11/1930 Siegfried Mr. Patchkoffer, Schumann [94]
12/01/1930 01/1931 Alison's House Hodges [95]
01/26/1931 03/1931 Camille Guest [96]
05/11/1931 05/31/1931 Alison's House Hodges Ritz Theatre, New York [97]
Oct 26, 1932 Oct 1932 Liliom Wolf Beifeld Civic Repertory Theatre, New York [98]
Nov 14, 1932 Nov 1932 Dear Jane Dr. Samuel Johnson [99]
Dec 12, 1932 Dec 1933 Alice in Wonderland Cook, White Knight [100]
March 6, 1933 April 1933 The Cherry Orchard Stationmaster New Amsterdam Theatre, New York [101]
Dec 10, 1934 Mar 1935 Sailors of Cattaro Sepp Kriz Civic Repertory Theatre, New York [102]
Mar 20, 1935 June 1935 Black Pitt Hansy McCulloh [103]
Nov 4, 1937 June 1938 Golden Boy Lewis Belasco Theatre, New York [104]
Jan 3, 1938 April 1938 The Cradle Will Rock Larry Foreman Windsor Theatre, New York [5][105]
Feb 19, 1938 May 1938 Casey Jones Old Man Fulton Theatre, New York [106]
Oct 15, 1938 Dec 1939 Abe Lincoln in Illinois Jack Armstrong Plymouth Theatre, New York [107]
Nov 2, 1939 Nov 4, 1939 Summer Night Speed St. James Theatre, New York [108]
Jan 22, 1940 Apr 13, 1940 Two On An Island The Sightseeing Guide Broadhurst Theatre, New York [109]
Jan 22, May 31, 1943 May 29, 1948 Oklahoma! Jud Fry St. James Theatre, New York [110][111]
April 9, 1946 unknown Shootin' Star Saloon proprietor, Sheriff Shubert Theatre, Philadelphia [112]
Dec 26, 1947 Feb 7, 1948 The Cradle Will Rock data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/a Mansfield Theatre, Nerw York As director [5][113]
Broadway Theatre, New York
Oct 18, 1950 Oct 28, 1950 Burning Bright Friend Ed Broadhurst Theatre, New York [114]
Nov 23, 1954 Jan 2, 1955 Sandhog N/a Phoenix Theatre, New York As producer [115]
Nov 4, 1956 Nov 25, 1956 Diary of a Scoundrel Neel Fedoseitch Mamaev Phoenix Theatre [116]
Oct 24, 1957 Feb 22, 1958 Compulsion Horn Ambassador Theatre, New York [117]
Nov 23, 1959 Oct 28, 1961 Fiorello! Ben Marino Broadhurst Theatre, New York [118][119]
Broadway Theatre, New York
Sept 28, 1961 May 13, 1962 Purlie Victorious data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | N/a Cort Theatre, New York [120][121]
Longacre Theatre, New York
Jan 10, 1962 Mar 10, 1962 Romulus Ottaker Music Box Theatre, New York [122]
Dec 12, 1962 Dec 15, 1962 In the Counting House Max Hartman Biltmore Theater, New York [123]
Feb 28, 1963 Jul 10, 1963 Dear Me, The Sky is Falling Paul Hirsch Music Box Theatre, New York [124]
Oct 14, 1963 Oct 19, 1963 The Advocate N/a ANTA Playhouse, New York As director [125]
Nov 8, 1964 Jan 7, 1965 The Cradle Will Rock N/a Theatre Four, New York As director [5][126]
Nov 10, 1965 Apr 16, 1966 The Zulu and the Zayda N/a Cort Theatre, New York As writer [127][128]
Dec 06, 1966 Dec 31, 1966 My Sweet Charlie N/a Longacre Theatre, New York As director [129]
May 5, 1966 May 29, 1966 Galileo Galilei N/a Goodman Theater, Chicago As guest director [130]
Jul 06, 1967 Nov 12, 1967 The Unknown Soldier and His Wife Archbishop Vivian Beaumont Theater, New York [131]
George Abbott Theater, New York
Mar 16, 1969 Feb 13, 1972 1776 Benjamin Franklin 46th Street Theatre, New York [132][133]
St. James Theatre, New York
Majestic Theatre, New York
Feb 11, 1982 Feb 28, 1982 The World of Sholom Aleichem N/a Rialto Theatre, New York Conceived by [134][135]

CBS Radio Mystery Theater

[edit]

From 1974 to 1977, da Silva was a regular player on CBS Radio Mystery Theater.[136]

Year Date Title Ep. No.
1974 July 31 "The Only Blood" 125
Dec 5 "The Body Snatchers" 183
Dec 24 "A Very Private Miracle" 191
1975 Jan 14 "Faith and the Faker" 205
Feb 14 "The Shadow of the Past" 223
Mar 20 "The Doppelganger" 242
Apr 18 "A Challenge for the Dead" 259
May 8 "Taken for Granite" 270
June 6 "The Transformer" 287
July 2 "Come Back with Me" 301
Aug 5 "Hung Jury" 321
Aug 19 "Welcome for a Dead Man" 329
Sept 18 "The Coffin with the Golden Nails" 346
Sept 28 "The Other Self " 354
Oct 23 "The Sealed Room Murder" 366
Nov 17 "The Moonlighter" 380
Nov 28 "The Frammis" 387
Dec 15 "Burn, Witch, Burn" 396
1976 Jan 19 "There's No Business Like" 418
Feb 19 "Goodbye, Benjamin Flack" 434
Apr 24 "The Prince of Evil" 475
Aug 30 "The Night Shift" 511
Oct 22 "Somebody Help Me!" 540
Dec 14 "The Smoking Pistol" 565
1977 Jan 4 "This Breed Is Doomed" 577
Feb 25 "Legend of Phoenix Hill" 607

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Institution Year Category Work Result Ref.
British Academy Film Awards 1964 Best Foreign Actor David and Lisa Nominated [12]
Primetime Emmy Awards 1978 Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy or Drama Special Verna: USO Girl Won [2]
Tony Awards 1960 Best Featured Actor in a Musical Fiorello! Nominated [1]

Citations

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "1960 Tony Award® Best Featured Actor in a Musical". IBDB. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "1978 Prime Time Emmy Awards". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 "Howard da Silva Dies at 76: Actor, Director and Author". February 18, 1986. The New York Times. February 18, 1986. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  4. ↑ Room (2010), p. 134
  5. 1 2 3 4 Suskin (2010), pp. 182–183
  6. ↑ Peter Stone on the film DVD's audio commentary
  7. ↑ Kirkeby, Marc. 1776 Original Broadway Cast recording (liner notes). Sony Music Entertainment. p. 9.
  8. ↑ "Pinewood Lake website retrieved on 2010-09-10". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  9. ↑ Images of America, Trumbull Historical Society, 1997, p. 123
  10. ↑ "Reviews and Ratings of New Albums". Billboard. October 21, 1960. p. 50. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  11. ↑ Frommer, Frommer (2014), p. 82
  12. 1 2 3 "Foreign Actor in 1964". BAFTA Awards. British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  13. ↑ "CBS Radio Mystery Theater Database". Retrieved May 10, 2008.[permanent dead link]
  14. ↑ Ryskind (2015), pp. 391–393
  15. ↑ Humphries (2010), p.146
  16. ↑ Buhle, Wagner (2004), p. 291
  17. ↑ Ghiglione (2008), p. ebook
  18. ↑ Shatner, Fisher (2008), pp. 95–96
  19. ↑ "Howard DeSilva and Eveline Horowitz in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Marriage Index, 1866-1937".
  20. ↑ "Howard da Silva and Jane Taylor in the Arizona, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1865-1972". Ancestry.com.
  21. ↑ "Character Actor Sues for Divorce".
  22. ↑ "Character Actor Sues for Divorce" article gives marriage date as January 10, 1941; however license date is January 18, 1941.
  23. ↑ "Jane Taylor da Silva Is Divorced From Actor".
  24. ↑ "Howard Dasilva and Marjorie M Nelson in the California, U.S., Marriage Index, 1949-1959".
  25. ↑ Biography at filmreference.com
  26. ↑ "Broadway Actor Obtains Divorce".
  27. ↑ "Howard da Silva and Nancy Nutter in the England & Wales, Civil Registration Marriage Index, 1916-2005".
  28. ↑ "Once in a Blue Moon". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  29. ↑ "Abe Lincoln in Illinois". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  30. ↑ "I'm Still Alive". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  31. ↑ "The Sea Wolf". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  32. ↑ "Strange Alibi". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Sergeant York". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Bad Men of Missouri". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Navy Blues". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Nine Lives Are Not Enough". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Blues in the Night". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Steel Against the Sky". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  39. ↑ "Wild Bill Hickok Rides". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  40. ↑ "Bullet Scars". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  41. ↑ "Juke Girl". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  42. ↑ "The Big Shot". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  43. ↑ "The Omaha Trail". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  44. ↑ "Reunion in France". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  45. ↑ "Native Land". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  46. ↑ "Keeper of the Flame". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  47. ↑ "Tonight We Raid Calais". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  48. ↑ "Duffy's Tavern". AFI Catalog of Features Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  49. ↑ "The Lost Weekend". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  50. ↑ "The Blue Dahlia". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  51. ↑ "Two Years Before the Mast". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AF. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  52. ↑ "Blaze of Noon". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  53. ↑ "Variety Girl". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  54. ↑ "Unconquered". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  55. ↑ "They Live by Night". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  56. ↑ "The Great Gatsby (1949)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Border Incident". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  58. ↑ "The Underworld Story". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  59. ↑ "Wyoming Mail". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  60. ↑ "Tripoli (1950 film)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  61. ↑ "Three Husbands". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  62. ↑ "Fourteen Hours". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  63. ↑ "M (1951 film)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  64. ↑ "David and Lisa". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  65. ↑ "The Outrage". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Monush (1965), p. 175
  67. ↑ "Nevada Smith". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  68. ↑ "1776". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  69. ↑ "The Great Gatsby (1974)". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  70. ↑ "I'm a Stranger Here Myself". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  71. ↑ "Hollywood on Trial". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  72. ↑ "The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  73. ↑ "Mommie Dearest". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. AFI. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  74. ↑ "Garbo Talks". TCM. Archived from the original on November 4, 2011. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  75. ↑ Robers (2003), p.462
  76. ↑ Buhle, Wagner (2004), p. 49
  77. ↑ Laster, Breckweg, King (2000), pp. 77–78
  78. ↑ Erickson (2009), pp. 108–109
  79. ↑ Gertel (2003), p. 204
  80. ↑ Heitland (1987), p. 230
  81. ↑ "Death is the Door Prize". BGI. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  82. ↑ "Battle of Wedlow Woods". BFI. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  83. ↑ Terrace (2011) p. 559
  84. ↑ Terrace (2013), p.348
  85. ↑ "The Greatest Man in the World". BFI. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  86. ↑ Terrace (2011) p. 54
  87. ↑ "General Breznin". BFI. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  88. ↑ "The Cafeteria". BFI. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  89. ↑ Hill, Steven Warren (2017). Red White and Who: The Story of Doctor Who in America. Cockeysville,MD: ATB Publishing. p. 65-67.
  90. ↑ Hill, Steven Warren (2017). Red White and Who: The Story of Doctor Who in America. Cockeysville,MD: ATB Publishing. p. 69.
  91. ↑ "Romeo and Juliet". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  92. ↑ "The Green Cockatoo". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  93. ↑ "Romeo and Juliet". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  94. ↑ "Siegfried". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  95. ↑ "Alison's House". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  96. ↑ "Camille". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  97. ↑ "Alison's House". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  98. ↑ "Liliom". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  99. ↑ "Dear Jane". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  100. ↑ "Alice in Wonderland". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  101. ↑ "The Cherry Orchard". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  102. ↑ "Sailors of Cattaro". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  103. ↑ "Black Pitt". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  104. ↑ "Golden Boy". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  105. ↑ "The Cradle Will Rock". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  106. ↑ "Casey Jones". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  107. ↑ "Abe Lincoln in Illinois". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  108. ↑ "Summer Night". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  109. ↑ "Two On An Island". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  110. ↑ "Oklahoma!". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  111. ↑ Suskin (2010), pp. 104–105
  112. ↑ "Out-of-town-openings". Billboard. April 20, 1946. p. 48.
  113. ↑ "The Cradle Will Rock". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  114. ↑ "Burning Bright". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  115. ↑ "Sandhog". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  116. ↑ "Diary of a Scoundrel". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  117. ↑ "Compulsion". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  118. ↑ "Fiorello!". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  119. ↑ Suskin (2010), p. 251
  120. ↑ "Purlie Victorious". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  121. ↑ Rose (2001), pp. 162–163
  122. ↑ "Romulus". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  123. ↑ "In the Counting House". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  124. ↑ "Dear Me, The Sky is Falling". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  125. ↑ "The Advocate". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  126. ↑ "Cradle Will Rock". Lortel Archives. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  127. ↑ "The Zulu and the Zayda". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  128. ↑ Suskin (2010), p. 195
  129. ↑ "My Sweet Charlie". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  130. ↑ da Silva, Howard. "Newspapers.com search". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
  131. ↑ "The Unknown Soldier and His Wife". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  132. ↑ "1776". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  133. ↑ Suskin (2010), p. 417
  134. ↑ "The World of Sholom Aleichem". IBDB. The Broadway League. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
  135. ↑ Sainer (1998), p. 159
  136. ↑ "Howard da Silva". CBS Radio Mystery Theatre. CBSRMT. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)

References

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