.ps
 | |
| Introduced | 22 March 2000 |
|---|---|
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | PNINA |
| Sponsor | PITA |
| Intended use | Entities connected with:  Palestine |
| Actual use | Fairly popular in Palestine |
| Registration restrictions | 2nd-level registrations unrestricted; 3rd-level registrations may have limitations based on which 2nd-level domain they are within |
| Structure | May register at second level or beneath generic 2nd-level categories at 3rd level |
| Documents | IANA reports: Delegation (2000), Redelegation (2004); ICANN MoU |
| Dispute policies | DRS Policy |
| Registry website | pnina.ps |
.ps is the Internet country code top-level domain officially assigned to Palestine.[1]It is administered by the Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority (PNINA).[2]
Registrations are processed by certified registrars.
The Internationalized country code top-level domain for the State of Palestine is .فلسطين, which is represented as .xn--ygbi2ammx in Punycode.[2]
History
[edit]The limits of telecommunications in Palestine
[edit]Following the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian telecommunications sector was allowed to grow but under the condition of remaining under Israeli control for anything related to access to the wider world. Palestinian companies, namely Paltel, were forced to sign agreements with Israeli companies to access global communications networks.[3][4]
The power to veto the connection of Palestine to the wider communications system resulted in Israel opposing the access of Palestine to the International Telecommunication Union, on the legal pretext that Palestine was not a UN state.[5]
It was only with the 1998 resolution 52/250 of the UNGA that the situation changed. The resolution allowed Palestine wider access to rights within the UN.[6] On this basis, the ITU passed resolution 99, granting Palestine observer status.[5]
Creation of the country code
[edit]Similar issues as with the wider telecommunications sector plagued the Palestinian Authority's quest for a country code for the country. The Palestinian Authority made a first attempt in 1997. ICAAN rejected the request on the basis that Palestine was not among the UN-recognized countries and territories in the ISO 3166-1 list.[1][5] As an interim solution, the second-level "Palestine.int" was used.[7]
The situation changed in 1999, when, after two years of discussions, the United Nations Statistics Division told the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency that it had included "Occupied Palestinian Territory" on the UN list of Standard Country and Area Codes for Statistical Use. The agency thus announced that from 1 October 1999 it would add "ps" to the ISO 3166-1 list to designate "Occupied Palestinian Territory". The precedent of other non-independent territories, such as Puerto Rico or the Netherlands Antilles, was used to detach the decision to grant a country code from the official recognition of Palestine as a state.[1] This opened the way for an application in 1999, which was then granted in 2000.[8]
Second level domains
[edit]Registrations can be made at the second-level as well as at several third-level domain names:[9]
Domain hacks
[edit]It has also been used in domain hacks, for example meetu.ps for meetups on the website Meetup, grou.ps, and by the University of Maryland as ter.ps (from "Terps", a nickname for the Maryland Terrapins).[11]
References
[edit]- 1 2 3 "IANA — .ps Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org.
- 1 2 "IANA — Report on the Delegation ofفلسطين. ("Falasteen") representing the Occupied Palestinian Territory in Arabic".
- ↑ Faris, Samer. The Telecommunication Sector in Palestine: Legal v. Factual. In: Zureik, Elia, et al. "Information society in Palestine: the human capital dimension." (2006). Pages 19-20 (258-259 of the pdf)
- ↑ Oslo Accords, Annex III, article 36.D. Available at: Annex III, Concerning Civil Affairs, Israeli Palestinian Interim Agreement on The West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Oslo II) | PA-X
- 1 2 3 Ben-David, Anat. "National web histories at the fringe of the Web: Palestine, Kosovo, and the quest for online self-determination." The Historical Web and Digital Humanities (2019): 89-109.
- ↑ "UNGA resolution 52/250. Participation of Palestine in the work of the United Nations". docs.un.org. Retrieved 2026-09-18.
- ↑ Ben-David, Anat (2010-02-01). "La Palestine et ses frontières virtuelles 2.0:Du « non-lieu » à l'espace généré par les utilisateurs". Réseaux (in French). 159 (1). La Découverte: 151–179. doi:10.3917/res.159.0151. ISSN 0751-7971.
- ↑ Staff, WIRED (2000-03-23). "Palestine Wins Internet Home". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2026-09-18.
- 1 2 "PNINA Registration Policies and Procedures for Registering Domains under the .ps ccTLD". The Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
- ↑ "How to register a .PS domain?". The Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
Anyone, Palestinians and non-Palestinians, from businesses to organizations to individuals, can register a .ps domain name
- ↑ "Central Authentication Service (CAS)". University of Maryland.
External links
[edit]- Official website nic.ps PNINA
- Official website pnina.ps PNINA
- List of .ps registrars
- IANA .ps whois information
 | This Internet domain name article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information. |