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Banaue

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Banaue
Municipality
Municipality of Banaue, Municipalité de Banaue
Town of Banaue
Town of Banaue
Flag of Banaue
Flag
Map of Ifugao with Banaue highlighted
Map of Ifugao with Banaue highlighted
Map
Interactive map of Banaue
Banaue is located in Philippines
Banaue
Banaue
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 16°54′43″N 121°03′41″E / 16.9119°N 121.0614°E / 16.9119; 121.0614
CountryPhilippines
RegionCordillera Administrative Region
ProvinceIfugao
District Lone district
Barangays18 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorDonald L. Mongolnon
 • Vice MayorKendall Pung-ao T. Immoliap
 • RepresentativeSolomon R. Chungalao
 • Municipal Council
Members
  • Rogelio N. Immatong
  • Julius B. Tayaban
  • Roberto M. Immotna
  • Romando G. Mannod
  • Albert B. Magguling Sr.
  • Fermin P. Haclao Jr.
  • Karen Joy B. Luglug
  • Wilson A. Balungay
 • Electorate15,487 voters (2025)
Area
[2]
 • Total
191.20 km2 (73.82 sq mi)
Elevation
1,303 m (4,275 ft)
Highest elevation
2,689 m (8,822 ft)
Lowest elevation
481 m (1,578 ft)
Population
 (2024 census)[3]
 • Total
20,143
 • Density105.35/km2 (272.86/sq mi)
 • Households
4,306
Economy
 • Income class3rd municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence
11.54
% (2023)[4]
 • Revenue₱ 156 million (2024)
 • Assets₱ 864.5 million (2024)
 • Expenditure₱ 190.1 million (2024)
 • Liabilities₱ 122.8 million (2024)
Service provider
 • ElectricityIfugao Electric Cooperative (IFELCO)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
3601
PSGC
1402701000
IDD : area code +63 (0)74
Native languagesIfugao
Tuwali
Ilocano
Tagalog
Websitewww.banaue.gov.ph

Banaue (or alternatively spelled as Banawe) [bɐˈnawe], officially the Municipality of Banaue (Ilocano: Ili ti Banaue, Tagalog: Bayan ng Banaue), is a municipality in the province of Ifugao, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 20,143 people.[5]

It is the site of a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Batad Rice Terraces and Bangaan Rice Terraces.[6]

Etymology

[edit]

Banaue is the Spanish spelling of Bannawor, the sitio which once hosted the Spanish local seat of government (now part of the poblacion area of the municipality). The name later extended to the entire municipality. The sitio was named after bannawor (also spelled banawor), the local Tuwali Ifugao common name for Hirundapus celebensis, a species of swift.[7][8]

History

[edit]
Aerial view of Banaue, 1939

In 1901, Banaue was first established as a municipal district under Mountain Province. Banaue was incorporated into a municipality in 1963. Since then, Banaue becomes one of the famous tourist destinations in Luzon.

Geography

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Banaue is situated 24.60 kilometres (15.29 mi) from the provincial capital Lagawe, and 375.26 kilometres (233.18 mi) from the country's capital city of Manila.

Barangays

[edit]

Banaue is politically subdivided into 18 barangays. [9] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

  • Amganad
  • Anaba
  • Balawis
  • Bangaan
  • Batad
  • Bocos
  • Banao
  • Cambulo
  • Ducligan
  • Gohang
  • Kinakin
  • Uhaj
  • Poblacion
  • Poitan
  • Pula
  • San Fernando
  • Tam-an
  • View Point

Climate

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Climate data for Banaue, Ifugao
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21
(70)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)		 26
(79)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 24
(75)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15
(59)		 15
(59)		 16
(61)		 18
(64)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 19
(66)		 18
(64)		 17
(63)		 16
(61)		 18
(63)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 35
(1.4)		 46
(1.8)		 63
(2.5)		 117
(4.6)		 402
(15.8)		 400
(15.7)		 441
(17.4)		 471
(18.5)		 440
(17.3)		 258
(10.2)		 94
(3.7)		 68
(2.7)		 2,835
(111.6)
Average rainy days 9.9 11.1 13.9 18.9 26.0 27.3 28.9 28.5 26.1 19.7 14.5 12.8 237.6
Source: Meteoblue[10]

Demographics

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Population census of Banaue
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 17,013—    
1939 17,127+0.03%
1948 15,311−1.24%
1960 17,877+1.30%
1970 20,268+1.26%
1975 20,489+0.22%
1980 22,900+2.25%
1990 16,943−2.97%
1995 20,514+3.65%
2000 20,563+0.05%
2007 21,448+0.58%
2010 22,365+1.54%
2015 21,837−0.45%
2020 20,652−1.17%
2024 20,143−0.60%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[11][12][13][14][15]

In the 2024 census, the population of Banaue was 20,143 people,[16] with a density of 110 inhabitants per square kilometre or 280 inhabitants per square mile.

Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Banaue (%)

10
20
30
40
50
60
2000
52.98
2003
31.10
2006
29.30
2009
20.91
2012
30.76
2015
37.68
2018
19.22
2021
12.04
2023
11.54

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]

The main source of economy in Banaue is agriculture. Banaue undergoes rice cultivation and conservation farming as sources of agriculture. Banaue manufactures local crafts by woodcarving, traditional weaving, and basketry.

Government

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Local government

[edit]

Banaue, belonging to the lone congressional district of the province of Ifugao, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with the Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years.

Elected officials

[edit]
Members of the Municipal Council
(2025–2028)[26]
Position Name
Congressman Solomon R. Chungalao
Mayor Donald L. Mongolnon
Vice-Mayor Kendall Pung-ao T. Immoliap
Councilors Rogelio N. Immatong
Karen Joy B. Luglug
Albert B. Magguling Sr.
Roberto M. Immotna
Fermin P. Haclao Jr.
Julius B. Tayaban
Wilson A. Balungay
Romando G. Mannod

Ifugao Rice Terraces

[edit]

Sometimes called by locals as the "Eighth Wonder of the World", the Ifugao Rice Terraces begin at the base of the mountain range and extend several thousand feet upwards. Two of the terrace clusters in Banaue, namely Bangaan and Batad, are part of the UNESCO World Heritage inscription. It is said that their length, if put end to end, would encircle half of the globe. The terraces are believed by many to be more than 2,000 years old as postulated by early Philippine anthropologist Otley Beyer, recent studies by carbon dating however contends this and instead the structures may be less than 1,000 years old.[27][28] The rice terraces manifest the engineering skill and ingenuity of the sturdy Ifugaos. They are irrigated by means of mountain streams and springs that have been tapped and channelled into canals that run downhill through the rice terraces.

Banaue Rice Terraces
Batad Rice Terraces paddy fields
Banaue Museum, which includes artifacts collected by H. Otley Beyer

The rice terraces once stretched north-east to Cagayan and as far south as Quezon. However they are now slowly being abandoned and showing signs of deterioration. The 1990 Luzon earthquake damaged some of the terraces' irrigation systems, while El Niño triggered droughts that led giant earthworms to erode the terraces' soil. Furthermore, the rice variety most suited to the area's cool climate is not a high-yielding crop; because it takes so long to mature, some Ifugao families have abandoned their land in the rice terraces in favour of land that reaps faster rewards.

An Ifugao Terraces Commission was created in 1994 and was superseded by the Banaue Rice Terraces task force, which was closed in 2002.

UNESCO has listed the Batad Rice Terraces and Bangaan Rice Terraces as a World Heritage Site since 1995, under the designation, Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras.[29]

All located in the Ifugao region, the Rice Terraces also feature as one of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems or GIAHS. They are supported by indigenous knowledge management of muyong, a private forest that caps each terrace cluster. The muyong is managed through a collective effort and under traditional tribal practices. The communally managed forestry area on top of the terraces contains about 264 indigenous plant species, mostly endemic to the region. The terraces form unique clusters of microwatersheds and are part of the whole mountain ecology. They serve as a rainwater filtration system and are saturated with irrigation water all year round. A biorhythm technology, in which cultural activities are harmonised with the rhythm of climate and hydrology management, has enabled farmers to grow rice at over 1 000 metres.

Contrary to popular notion, the Banaue Rice Terraces as seen from the viewpoint[where?] are not included in the UNESCO inscription, due to the presence of numerous modern structures. However, it is a National Cultural Treasure under the Ifugao Rice Terraces.

The stone walled rice terraces were built by means of early tools and methods in order to maximise the use of land space, They exceed the height of the world's tallest building if the vertical distance between top and bottom row are measured.[30]

Education

[edit]

The Banaue Schools District Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.[31]

Primary and elementary schools

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  • Amganad Elementary School
  • Anaba Elementary School
  • Balawis Elementary School
  • Banao Elementary School
  • Banaue Central School
  • Bocos Elementary School
  • Bangaan Elementary School
  • Batad Elementary School
  • Batad Elementary School - Patpat PS Annex
  • Cambulo Elementary School
  • Cambulo Elementary School - Mattao Annex
  • Chunak Primary School
  • Ducligan Elementary School
  • Ducligan Elementary School - Guitte PS Annex
  • Gohang Elementary School
  • Good News Christian Academy of Ifugao
  • Kinakin Elementary School
  • Kinakin Elementary School - Annex
  • Patilong Elementary School
  • Poitan Elementary School
  • Precious Ones Learning Center of Banaue
  • Pula Elementary School
  • San Fernando Elementary School
  • Tam-an Elementary School
  • Uhaj Elementary School

Secondary schools

[edit]
  • Banaue National High School
  • Banaue National High School Annex
  • Gohang National High School
  • Immaculate Conception School

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑  Municipality of Banaue | (DILG)
  2. ↑ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
  3. ↑ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 17, 2025. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  4. ↑ "881 Cities and Municipalities Recorded Poverty Incidence of 20 Percent or Lower in 2023". Philippine Statistics Authority. February 6, 2026. Archived from the original on June 3, 2026. Retrieved February 7, 2026.
  5. ↑ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". psa.gov.ph. July 17, 2024. Retrieved November 15, 2025.
  6. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Brief History of Banaue". Municipality of Banaue. Retrieved February 25, 2025.
  8. ↑ PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project (PDF). Dacalan Ancestral Domain of Kalinga (Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Asian Development Bank). 2019.
  9. ↑ "Province:". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved August 25, 2025.
  10. ↑ "Banaue: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  11. ↑ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 17, 2025. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  12. ↑ Census of Population (2015). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  13. ↑ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  14. ↑ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
  15. ↑ "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
  16. ↑ "2024 Census of Population (POPCEN) Population Counts Declared Official by the President". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 17, 2025. Retrieved July 18, 2025.
  17. ↑ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 3, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  19. ↑ "2003 Small Area Estimates of Poverty (Full Report)" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 11, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 21, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  20. ↑ "2006 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012. Archived from the original on May 21, 2025. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
  21. ↑ "PSA Releases the 2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ "PSA Releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019. Archived from the original on February 24, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  23. ↑ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Archived from the original on January 15, 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  24. ↑ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Archived from the original on April 3, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2024.
  25. ↑ "881 Cities and Municipalities Recorded Poverty Incidence of 20 Percent or Lower in 2023". Philippine Statistics Authority. February 6, 2026. Archived from the original on June 3, 2026. Retrieved February 7, 2026.
  26. ↑ "2025 National and Local Elections". GMA 7. May 15, 2025. Retrieved August 10, 2026.
  27. ↑ Cabreza, Vincent (July 15, 2013). "For Ifugao rice terraces, age should not matter". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  28. ↑ "Ifugao Rice Terraces may be younger than we think". Rappler. April 29, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  29. ↑ Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras, UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  30. ↑ Banaue[link removed], e-philippines.
  31. ↑ "Masterlist of Schools" (PDF). Department of Education. January 15, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2025.
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