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Frontier League

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Frontier League
Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2026 Frontier League season
ClassificationIndependent baseball
SportBaseball
Founded1993
CommissionerSteve Tahsler
No. of teams18
Countries
  • United States (15 teams)
  • Canada (3 teams)
HeadquartersForeFront Field
2009 Baseball Boulevard
Avon, Ohio, United States[1]
ContinentNorth America
Most recent
champions
Québec Capitales
(4th title)
(2025)
Most titlesSchaumburg Boomers and Québec Capitales
(4 titles)
Streaming partnerFrontier League Network / HomeTeam Network
Websitefrontierleague.com

The Frontier League (FL; French: Ligue Frontière, LF) is a professional baseball league in North America composed of 15 teams in the United States and three in Canada. The league is an official MLB Partner League and is the oldest active independent professional baseball league in North America.[2] The league office is based at ForeFront Field in Avon, Ohio.[1]

The Frontier League was organized during the winter of 1992–1993 to bring professional baseball to communities in West Virginia, eastern Kentucky and southeastern Ohio that were unlikely to receive affiliated professional baseball clubs.[3] It began with eight teams in 1993 and later expanded through new franchises, relocations and the 2019 merger with the Can-Am League. The league reached its present 18-team size with the additions of the Mississippi Mud Monsters and Down East Bird Dawgs in 2025.[4][5]

Beginning in 2026, each club plays a 102-game regular-season schedule.[6] Eight teams qualify for the postseason. The reigning league champions are the Québec Capitales, who defeated the Schaumburg Boomers in the 2025 Frontier League Championship Series to win a fourth consecutive title.[7]

In April 2026, the league announced that it would rebrand as the National Association of Professional Baseball (NAPB) beginning with the 2027 season. The league stated that its history, statistics, records and team histories would continue under the new identity.[8]

History

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Founding and early survival

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The Frontier League was formed during the winter of 1992–1993 by a group seeking to establish professional baseball in smaller markets in the Ohio Valley and Appalachian region.[3] The inaugural league had eight teams: the Chillicothe Paints, Kentucky Rifles, Lancaster Scouts, Ohio Valley Redcoats, Portsmouth Explorers, Tri-State Tomahawks, West Virginia Coal Sox and Zanesville Greys. The Greys won the first league championship.

The league's first season was unstable. The Tri-State and West Virginia clubs folded within the opening weeks, leaving six teams to complete a 50-game schedule.[9] Bill Lee became the league's first full-time commissioner on June 1, 1994, at a time when the league's long-term survival was uncertain.[9][10] Lee later said that the league's early priorities were survival, improving facilities and moving into more stable markets.[9]

The league continued to add and relocate franchises through the 1990s. In 1999, the London Werewolves became the first Frontier League team based in Canada.[3]

Growth and stabilization

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By the beginning of the 2000s, the league had begun moving into larger markets and purpose-built professional ballparks. Baseball America credited improved facilities and more stable ownership with helping the league establish a durable operating model.[9]

On June 20, 2000, Brian Tollberg debuted for the San Diego Padres, becoming the first former Frontier League player to reach Major League Baseball. One week later, Morgan Burkhart debuted with the Boston Red Sox.[3] The number of former Frontier League players reaching affiliated baseball continued to grow during the decade.

Attendance also increased substantially. The league drew approximately 719,000 fans in 2001 and more than 950,000 in 2002.[3] Nearly 1.3 million fans attended games in 2004, when the Gateway Grizzlies became the first league club to draw more than 200,000 fans in a season and average more than 4,000 per game.[3] In 2007, the league set a then-record with approximately 1.5 million fans across 12 clubs. The newly established Southern Illinois Miners drew a league-record 259,392 fans that season and averaged more than 5,000 per game.[3]

Lee served as commissioner for 27 years before stepping down in 2021 and becoming commissioner emeritus.[11]

Can-Am League merger and MLB partnership

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On October 16, 2019, the Frontier League announced a merger with the Can-Am League. The New Jersey Jackals, Rockland Boulders, Québec Capitales, Sussex County Miners and Trois-Rivières Aigles joined the Frontier League, while the Ottawa Champions were not included.[12] The combined league was scheduled to begin play in 2020, but the season was canceled because of the COVID-19 pandemic.[13]

On September 24, 2020, Major League Baseball designated the Frontier League as an official MLB Partner League.[14] The partnership formalized cooperation between MLB and the league on player development and other baseball initiatives.

Pandemic and Canadian border issues

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Ottawa was awarded a new Frontier League franchise in September 2020, while the Tri-City ValleyCats joined in January 2021 after the reorganization of Minor League Baseball ended the New York–Penn League.[15][16]

Continued restrictions at the Canada–United States border prevented the Ottawa Titans, Québec Capitales and Trois-Rivières Aigles from operating normally in 2021. Players from the three organizations were combined into Équipe Québec, which began the season as a traveling team before later playing home games in Quebec City and Trois-Rivières.[17] Ottawa did not play a regular Frontier League season until 2022.

Expansion and national growth

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The Southern Illinois Miners ceased operations after the 2021 season when owners Jayne and John Simmons retired from professional baseball.[18] The league subsequently used the Empire State Greys as a traveling team during the 2022 and 2023 seasons.[19]

A new franchise at Campanelli Stadium in Brockton, Massachusetts, began play as the New England Knockouts in 2024. After one season, the club was renamed the Brockton Rox.[20]

In September 2024, the league announced two southeastern expansion franchises for the 2025 season. The Mississippi Mud Monsters in Pearl, Mississippi, were announced on September 9 as the league's 17th team following the departure of the Mississippi Braves from Trustmark Park.[4][21] The Down East Bird Dawgs in Kinston, North Carolina, were announced eight days later as the 18th club and began play at Grainger Stadium, the former home of the Down East Wood Ducks.[5] Both began play in 2025.

The league reported four consecutive regular-season attendance records from 2022 through 2025. Nearly 1.9 million fans attended games in 2025, while 26 players had contracts acquired by Major League Baseball organizations; 22 of those players had no previous professional experience outside the Frontier League.[22] The league again fielded 18 teams in 2026 and expanded the regular season from 96 to 102 games.[6] On May 8, 2026, the Ottawa Titans sold 10,278 tickets for their home opener, establishing a new Frontier League single-game attendance record.[23]

Rebrand to National Association of Professional Baseball

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On April 22, 2026, the Frontier League announced that it would compete as the National Association of Professional Baseball beginning with the 2027 season.[8] The league said the change followed a strategic planning process that began in fall 2024 and reflected the circuit's expansion beyond the regional geography implied by the Frontier League name.[8][24]

The NAPB brand strategy uses the phrase North America's Home Teams. Its visual identity includes an "NA" monogram with a pennant and French-language versions for the league's Canadian markets.[8] The full identity was presented publicly during the league's 2026 All-Star festivities in Florence, Kentucky.[25] The league stated that its 34-year history, records and individual team histories would continue under the new identity.[8]

League leadership

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Bill Lee served as commissioner from June 1994 until 2021 and remained associated with the league as commissioner emeritus after his retirement.[11] He was inducted into the Frontier League Hall of Fame in 2024.[10]

Steve Tahsler was named commissioner in 2023 after 14 years as deputy commissioner. Tahsler had previously worked in several Frontier League front offices, including as general manager of the Windy City ThunderBolts, Slippery Rock Sliders, Evansville Otters and Dubois County Dragons.[26]

Season structure

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The Frontier League season includes spring training and exhibition games in late April and early May, a regular season from May through early September, and a postseason that runs into September. Beginning in 2026, all 18 teams play 102 regular-season games.[6]

The league uses two conferences, Atlantic and Midwest, each divided into two divisions. Eight teams qualify for the postseason: the four division winners and two wild-card clubs from each conference. The playoffs are played in three rounds and culminate in the Frontier League Championship Series.

Since 2022, the league has used a sudden-death format to decide games that remain tied after 10 innings. In sudden death, the home manager chooses whether the home team will bat or field for a single half-inning. If the defensive team prevents the offensive team from scoring, the defensive team wins; if the offensive team scores, it wins.[27] In August 2024, the Lake Erie Crushers became the first professional baseball team to win a game without scoring a run when they defeated Schaumburg through the rule after 10 scoreless innings.[27]

Players and professional development

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Frontier League clubs recruit and sign their own players. The league's roster classifications are designed to reserve a substantial portion of each roster for younger professionals while limiting the number of older or more experienced players. As of 2026, regular-season and playoff rosters consist of 22 to 25 active players. Clubs must carry at least 10 players classified as Professional-1 or Professional-2 and at least six Experienced-1 players, while no more than eight players may be Experienced-2 or Veteran and no more than two may be classified as Veterans.[28]

The league also operates an annual tryout camp and player draft. The 2026 event was the 33rd annual Frontier League Tryout Camp and Draft.[29]

MLB describes the Frontier League as a player-development pathway and states that the league has placed more than 1,000 players into Major League organizations, with more than half beginning their professional careers in the Frontier League.[2] Brian Tollberg was the first league alumnus to reach the major leagues in 2000, followed a week later by Morgan Burkhart.[3] In 2025, the league reported 26 player contracts acquired by MLB organizations, including 22 players whose only previous professional experience had been in the Frontier League.[22]

Teams

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Locations of teams in the Central, East, North, and West divisions for the 2026 season.

The league uses a two-conference, four-division alignment. The Atlantic Conference consists of the East and North divisions, while the Midwest Conference consists of the Central and West divisions. All 18 permanent clubs competed in the 2026 season.[6]

List of teams

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Overview of FL teams
Conference Division Team City Stadium Capacity Founded Joined General manager Manager
Atlantic East Down East Bird Dawgs Kinston, North Carolina Grainger Stadium 3,400 2025 Shari Massengill Brett Wellman
New Jersey Jackals Paterson, New Jersey Hinchliffe Stadium 7,800 1998 2020 Orlando Cruz Bobby M. Jones
New York Boulders Pomona, New York Clover Stadium 8,362 2011 2020 Rob Janetschek T. J. Stanton
Sussex County Miners Augusta, New Jersey Skylands Stadium 4,200 2015 2020 Vincent Sangemino Chris Widger
North Brockton Rox Brockton, Massachusetts Campanelli Stadium 4,750 2024 Connor Carey Jerod Edmondson
Ottawa Titans Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa Stadium 10,332 2021 2022 Martin Boyce Bobby Brown
Québec Capitales Quebec City, Quebec Stade Canac 4,297 1999 2020 Mike Petillion Patrick Scalabrini
Tri-City ValleyCats Troy, New York Joseph L. Bruno Stadium 6,500 2002 2021 Matt Callahan Greg Tagert
Trois-Rivières Aigles Trois-Rivières, Quebec Stade Quillorama 4,000 2013 2020 Michel Laberge T. J. White
Midwest Central Evansville Otters Evansville, Indiana Bosse Field 5,181 1995 Tony Buccilli Andy McCauley
Florence Y'alls Florence, Kentucky Thomas More Stadium 4,500 2003 Max Johnson Toby Hall
Lake Erie Crushers Avon, Ohio ForeFront Field 5,000 2009 Jared Lemieux
Washington Wild Things Washington, Pennsylvania EQT Park 3,200 2002 Tom Vaeth
West Gateway Grizzlies Sauget, Illinois Arsenal BG Ballpark 6,000 2001 Kurt Ringkamp Kyle Gaedele
Joliet Slammers Joliet, Illinois Slammers Stadium 6,016 2011 Steve Malliet Mike Pinto
Mississippi Mud Monsters Pearl, Mississippi Trustmark Park 8,480 2025 David Kerr Jay Pecci
Schaumburg Boomers Schaumburg, Illinois Wintrust Field 5,665 2012 Michael Larson Jamie Bennett
Windy City ThunderBolts Crestwood, Illinois Ozinga Field 3,500 1995 1999 Mike VerSchave Tom Carcione
Where a club does not currently list a general manager, an em dash is shown.

Franchise timeline

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The tables below show each club's Frontier League history on a common year-by-year scale. Each column represents one Frontier League season. A single uninterrupted block indicates that the franchise retained the same identity across those seasons.

Current identity Former identity of current franchise Defunct franchise Temporary or traveling team Not active

Current franchise lineages

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Current franchise 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
93949596979899 00010203040506070809 10111213141516171819 20212223242526
Evansville Otters Lancaster Scouts
1993–94
Evansville Otters
1995–present
Florence Y'alls Erie Sailors
1994
Johnstown Steal
1995–98
Johnstown Johnnies
1999–2002
Florence Freedom
2003–19
Florence Y'alls
2020–present
Washington Wild Things Canton Crocodiles
1997–2001
Washington Wild Things
2002–present
Windy City ThunderBolts Cook County Cheetahs
1999–2003
Windy City ThunderBolts
2004–present
Gateway Grizzlies Gateway Grizzlies
2001–present
Lake Erie Crushers Lake Erie Crushers
2009–present
Joliet Slammers Joliet Slammers
2011–present
Schaumburg Boomers Schaumburg Boomers
2012–present
New Jersey Jackals New Jersey Jackals
2020–present
New York Boulders New York Boulders
2020–present
Québec Capitales Québec Capitales
2020–present
Sussex County Miners Sussex County Miners
2020–present
Trois-Rivières Aigles Trois-Rivières Aigles
2020–present
Tri-City ValleyCats Tri-City ValleyCats
2021–present
Ottawa Titans Ottawa Titans
2022–present
Brockton Rox New England Knockouts
2024
Brockton Rox
2025–present
Mississippi Mud Monsters Mississippi Mud Monsters
2025–present
Down East Bird Dawgs Down East Bird Dawgs
2025–present

Former franchise lineages

[edit]
Former franchise lineage 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
93949596979899 00010203040506070809 10111213141516171819 20212223242526
Chillicothe Paints Chillicothe Paints
1993–2008
Kentucky Rifles Kentucky Rifles
1993–94
Ohio Valley lineage Ohio Valley Redcoats
1993–98
Dubois County Dragons
1999–2002
Kenosha Mammoths
2003
Springfield-Ozark Ducks
2004
Ohio Valley Redcoats
2005
Rockford lineage Portsmouth Explorers
1993–95
Springfield Capitals
1996–2001
Rockford RiverHawks
2002–09
Rockford RiverHawks
2011–12
Rockford Aviators
2013–15
Tri-State Tomahawks Tri-State Tomahawks
1993
West Virginia Coal Sox West Virginia Coal Sox
1993
River City lineage Zanesville Greys
1993–96
River City Rascals
1999–2019
Mid-Missouri lineage Newark Buffaloes/Bison
1994–95
Kalamazoo Kodiaks
1996–98
London Werewolves
1999–2001
Canton Coyotes
2002
Mid-Missouri Mavericks
2003–05
Traverse City lineage Richmond Roosters
1995–2005
Traverse City Beach Bums
2006–18
Kalamazoo Kings Kalamazoo Kings
2001–10
Sliders lineage Slippery Rock Sliders
2007
Midwest Sliders
2008
Midwest Sliders of Ypsilanti
2009
Oakland County Cruisers
2010
London Rippers
2012
Southern Illinois Miners Southern Illinois Miners
2007–21
Normal CornBelters Normal CornBelters
2010–18

Temporary and traveling teams

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Temporary or traveling clubs have occasionally been used to balance the league's schedule or respond to unusual operating circumstances.

Temporary or traveling team 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
93949596979899 00010203040506070809 10111213141516171819 20212223242526
Road Warriors Road Warriors
2012
Frontier Greys Frontier Greys
2013–15
Équipe Québec Équipe Québec
2021
Empire State Greys Empire State Greys
2022–23

Attendance

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Attendance has been an important measure of the league's growth from its small-market beginnings into larger metropolitan areas and purpose-built stadiums. Selected league-wide and club milestones include:[3]

Year Attendance milestone
2001 Approximately 719,000 fans attended Frontier League games, then a league record.
2002 League attendance exceeded 950,000.
2004 Nearly 1.3 million fans attended. Gateway became the first club to draw more than 200,000 in a season and average more than 4,000 per game.
2007 The league drew approximately 1.5 million fans. Southern Illinois set a league club record with 259,392 fans and averaged more than 5,000 per game.
2022–25 The league reported four consecutive regular-season attendance records. Nearly 1.9 million fans attended in 2025.[22]
2026 Ottawa sold 10,278 tickets for its May 8 home opener, setting a Frontier League single-game attendance record.[23]

Champions

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The Schaumburg Boomers and Québec Capitales have each won four Frontier League championships, the most in league history. Québec won four consecutive titles from 2022 through 2025.[7]

Year Champion
1993Zanesville Greys
1994Erie Sailors
1995Johnstown Steal
1996Springfield Capitals
1997Canton Crocodiles
1998Springfield Capitals
1999London Werewolves
2000Johnstown Johnnies
2001Richmond Roosters
2002Richmond Roosters
2003Gateway Grizzlies
2004Rockford RiverHawks
2005Kalamazoo Kings
2006Evansville Otters
2007Windy City ThunderBolts
2008Windy City ThunderBolts
2009Lake Erie Crushers
2010River City Rascals
2011Joliet Slammers
2012Southern Illinois Miners
2013Schaumburg Boomers
2014Schaumburg Boomers
2015Traverse City Beach Bums
2016Evansville Otters
2017Schaumburg Boomers
2018Joliet Slammers
2019River City Rascals
2020Season canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2021Schaumburg Boomers
2022Québec Capitales
2023Québec Capitales
2024Québec Capitales
2025Québec Capitales

Records

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The league maintains official game, season and career records for batting, pitching and team performance.[30]

Individual career records

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Batting

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Statistic Record Player
Games played745Santiago Chirino
At-bats2,928
Runs452
Hits929
Home runs127Charlie Lisk
Runs batted in442

Pitching

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Statistic Record Player
Games300Jake Joyce
Games started121Zac Westcott
Innings pitched781.2
Wins53
Strikeouts621
Complete games18Aaron Ledbetter
Saves74Zach Strecker

Selected single-season records

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Statistic Record Player Season
Batting average.405Pichi Balet, Cook County2002
Home runs36Morgan Burkhart, Richmond1998
Runs batted in116Anthony Calarco, Schaumburg2025
Stolen bases83Mathieu Vallée, Trois-Rivières2025
Pitching wins16John Martinez, Chillicothe2005
Strikeouts177Mike Recchia, Windy City2012
Saves32Jonathan Kountis, Washington2014

Hall of Fame

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The Frontier League Hall of Fame was established in 2014 to recognize players, managers, executives, contributors and significant moments in league history.[31] The inaugural class included Morgan Burkhart, Aaron Ledbetter, Scott Pinoni, Fran Riordan, Kirk Taylor and Dr. W. Chris Hanners.[31] Former commissioner Bill Lee was inducted in 2024.[10]

Broadcasting

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In February 2022, the Frontier League announced an agreement with FloSports to stream league games.[32]

In 2025, the league moved its game broadcasts to the Frontier League Network, powered by HomeTeam Network, through a multi-year streaming and broadcast agreement.[33]

For the 2026 All-Star festivities, the league distributed the Home Run Derby and All-Star Game through HomeTeam Network, YouTube Live and Gray Media regional sports networks. The league said the broadcasts were available in more than 10 million homes.[34]

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 "Privacy Policy". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Partner Leagues". MLB.com. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "History". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  4. 1 2 "The Frontier League Announces Newest Expansion Team in Mississippi". Frontier League. September 9, 2024. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  5. 1 2 "Frontier League Adds Down East Bird Dawgs in Latest Expansion". Frontier League. September 17, 2024. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Frontier League Releases Official 2026 Season Schedule". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  7. 1 2 "Québec wins fourth straight championship". Frontier League. September 21, 2025. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Frontier League Set to Become the National Association of Professional Baseball (NAPB) Beginning of the 2027 Season". Frontier League. April 22, 2026. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Cooper, J. J. (May 27, 2021). "Commissioner Bill Lee's Legacy Lives On In Frontier League After Retiring". Baseball America. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  10. 1 2 3 "Hall of Fame". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  11. 1 2 "Lee to retire from Frontier League". Ballpark Digest. February 15, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  12. "Frontier League, Can-Am League to Join Forces". Frontier League. October 16, 2019. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  13. Dugan, Chris (June 24, 2020). "Frontier League season canceled". Observer-Reporter. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  14. "American Association, Frontier League designated as partner leagues of MLB". MLB.com. September 24, 2020. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  15. Reichard, Kevin (September 25, 2020). "Frontier League returns to Ottawa in 2021". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  16. "Frontier League Adds Tri-City ValleyCats". Frontier League. January 8, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  17. "Équipe Québec Unveils Branding". Frontier League. April 27, 2021. Archived from the original on April 27, 2021. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  18. Reichard, Kevin (October 7, 2021). "Southern Illinois Miners ceasing operations". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  19. Reichard, Kevin (February 12, 2022). "New for 2022: Empire State Greys". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  20. Touri, Amin (January 29, 2025). "Brockton Rox returning to professional baseball with Red Sox Hall of Famer Jim Rice as co-owner". The Boston Globe. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  21. Simmons, Scott (September 9, 2024). "New baseball team coming to Trustmark Park as M-Braves leave". WAPT. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  22. 1 2 3 "The 2025 regular season was our fourth consecutive year setting a league attendance record". LinkedIn. Frontier League. September 2025. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  23. 1 2 "Ottawa Titans Receive Commissioner's Award of Excellence". Frontier League. September 8, 2026. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  24. Singelais, Mark (April 22, 2026). "Tri-City ValleyCats' league undergoing name change from Frontier League to National Association of Professional Baseball in 2027". Times Union. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  25. Weber, Dan (July 15, 2026). "Dan Weber's Just Sayin': Five hours of fun ... and baseball in Florence". Northern Kentucky Tribune. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  26. "Staff". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  27. 1 2 Maguire, Brent (August 10, 2024). "Frontier League's Lake Erie Crushers win game ... without scoring a run?". MLB.com. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  28. "Player Eligibility". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  29. "33rd Annual Frontier League Tryout Camp and Draft". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  30. "League Records". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  31. 1 2 Reichard, Kevin (June 21, 2014). "Frontier League launches Hall of Fame". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  32. "Frontier League and FloSports Announce Landmark Streaming Rights Agreement". OurSports Central (Press release). Frontier League. February 24, 2022. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  33. "Frontier League Announces Multi-Year Streaming and Broadcast Partnership With HomeTeam Network". Frontier League. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
  34. "Frontier League Home Run Derby, Y'All Star Game to Be Broadcast Across Multiple Platforms". Frontier League. July 14, 2026. Retrieved September 18, 2026.
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