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GameMaker

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GameMaker
Original authorMark Overmars
DeveloperYoYo Games
Release15 November 1999; 26 years ago (1999-11-15)
Stable release
v2026.0.0 / 21 May 2026; 3 months ago (2026-05-21)
Written in
Operating system
Platform
Available in
LicenseProprietary
Websitegamemaker.io

GameMaker (originally Animo, Game Maker (until 2011) and GameMaker Studio) is a series of cross-platform game engines created by Mark Overmars in 1999 and developed by YoYo Games since 2007.

As of September 2026, the current long-term stable release is GameMaker LTS 2026.0, published on 21 May 2026.[1]

GameMaker accommodates the creation of cross-platform and multi-genre video games using a custom drag-and-drop visual programming language or a scripting language known as GameMaker Language (GML), which can be used to develop more advanced games. GameMaker was originally designed to allow novice programmers to be able to make computer games without much programming knowledge by use of these actions. Recent versions of software also focus on appealing to advanced developers.[2]

Overview

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GameMaker is primarily intended for making games with 2D graphics, allowing out-of-box use of raster graphics, vector graphics (via SWF),[3] and 2D skeletal animations (via Esoteric Software's Spine)[4][5] along with a large standard library for drawing graphics and 2D primitives.[6] While the software allows for limited use of 3D graphics, this is in the form of vertex buffer[7] and matrix functions, and as such not intended for novice users.

The engine uses Direct3D on Windows and Xbox; OpenGL on macOS and Linux; OpenGL ES on Android and iOS; WebGL or 2D canvas on HTML5; and proprietary APIs on consoles.

The engine's primary element is an IDE with built-in editors for raster graphics, level design, scripting, paths, and shaders (GLSL or HLSL).[8] Additional functionality can be implemented in software's scripting language or platform-specific native extensions.[9] In GameMaker Studio 2, users can choose whether to export the game as an NSIS installer, or a .zip file containing the game, the data.win file, and any files added under the "Included Files" tab in the editor.[10]

Supported platforms

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GameMaker supports building for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Ubuntu, HTML5, Android, iOS, Amazon Fire TV, Android TV, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch[11] and Xbox One;[12][13][14] support for PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X|S was announced in February 2021[15] though an "Enterprise" licence is needed to build games for these consoles.[16]

In the past, GameMaker supported building for Windows Phone (deprecated in favour of UWP), the Universal Windows Platform, Tizen, PlayStation 3, and PlayStation Vita. UWP export was itself removed in version 2022.8; submitting to the Microsoft Store now requires building for Windows and using the GDK extension.[17][18]

Between 2007 and 2011, YoYo Games maintained a custom web player plugin for GameMaker games[19] before releasing it as open-source mid-2011[20] and eventually deprecating it in favour of HTML5 export.

Prior to August 2021, users had to obtain a single-purchase licence for one of five different platforms, excluding consoles, depending on the target platform they wanted to publish on (such as desktop or mobile). An annual licence was required to publish for consoles, which was also contained in an all-encompassing annual Ultimate licence that covered all supported platforms. Yoyo Games announced a change to the licensing approach in August 2021, allowing GameMaker to be used for free to learn, and eliminating the single-purchase options. Instead, it simplified the licence scheme to only two tiers, one that supported publishing on all non-console platforms, and a higher tier that added in console platform publishing support at a lower rate than the prior Ultimate licence. These changes were aided by the financial investment of Opera into YoYo Games to help reduce costs for GameMaker users.[21] On 22 November 2023, GameMaker announced that it would be "free for non-commercial use on all platforms (excluding console)," and the current subscription system would be replaced by a one-time licence.[22]

GX.games

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In November 2021, Opera launched GXC, a browser-based platform for publishing and playing games made in GameMaker, entering open beta on 4 November with roughly 500 titles.[23] The platform was later rebranded to GX.games, and a mobile version went into beta in July 2022, at which point the desktop platform hosted over 1,500 GameMaker titles.[24] GameMaker still has a dedicated GX Games export target to this day. As of September 2026, the platform's paid-game purchasing system is being phased out, with the number of games offering it reducing over time. No closure of the platform itself has been announced.[25]

GameMaker Language

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GameMaker Language (GML) is GameMaker's scripting language. It is an imperative, dynamically typed language commonly likened to JavaScript and C-like languages.[26][27][28] The language's default mode of operation on native platforms is a bytecode stack machine. Alternatively, the YoYo Compiler (YYC) transpiles GML to C++, which is then compiled to native code by the target platform's own C++ toolchain, trading longer build times for higher runtime performance.[29] On HTML5, GML is source-to-source compiled to JavaScript with optimisations and minification applied in non-debug builds.[30]

GML Visual

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GML Visual (originally called "Drag and Drop"[31]) is GameMaker's visual scripting tool. GML Visual allows developers to perform common tasks (like instantiating objects, calling functions, or working with files and data structures) without having to write a single line of code. It is largely aimed at novice users.[32]

While historically GML Visual remained fairly limited in what can be comfortably done with it,[33][34] GameMaker Studio 2 had seen an overhaul to the system, allowing more tasks to be done with GML Visual, and having it translate directly to code[35] (with an in-IDE preview for users interested in migrating to code).

History

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GameMaker was originally developed by Mark Overmars. The program was first released on 15 November 1999 under the name of Animo (at the time, it was just a graphics tool with limited visual scripting capabilities).[36] The first versions of the program were being developed in Delphi.[37] Subsequent releases saw the name changed to Game Maker and software moving towards more general-purpose 2D game development.

Versions 5.0 and below were freeware; version 5.1 introduced an optional registration fee; version 5.3 (January 2004) introduced a number of new features for registered users, including particle systems, networking, and possibility to extend games using DLLs.[38] Version 6.0 (October 2004) introduced limited functionality for use of 3D graphics, as well as migrating the runtime's drawing pipeline from VCL to DirectX.[39] Growing public interest led Overmars to seek help in expanding the program, which led to partnership with YoYo Games in 2007.[40] From this point onward, development was handled by YoYo Games while Overmars retained a position as one of the company's directors.[41] Version 7.0 was the first to emerge under this partnership. The first macOS compatible version of the program was released in 2009,[42] allowing games to be made for two operating systems with minimal changes.

Version 8.1 (April 2011) saw the name changed to GameMaker (lacking a space) to avoid any confusion[43] with the 1991 software Game-Maker. September 2011 saw the initial release of "GameMaker: HTML5" - a new version of software with capability to export games for web browsers along with desktop.[44] GameMaker: Studio entered public beta in March 2012[44] and enjoyed a full release in May 2012.[45] This version also had the runtime rewritten in C++ to address performance concerns[46] with previous versions. Initial supported platforms included Windows, Mac, HTML5, Android, and iOS. Additional platforms and features were introduced over the years following;[47][48][49][50] Late 2012 there was an accident with anti-piracy measures misfiring for some legitimate users.[51]

In February 2015, GameMaker was acquired by Playtech together with YoYo Games. Announcement reassured that GameMaker will be further improved and states plans to appeal to broader demographic, including more advanced developers.[2][52] November 2016 saw the initial release of GameMaker Studio 2 beta,[53] with full release in March 2017.[54] This version sports a completely redesigned IDE (rewritten in C#[55]) and a number of new editor and runtime features.

In August 2020, major update 2.3 was released, bringing a host of new features to IDE, runtime, and the scripting language.[56] In January 2021, YoYo Games was sold to Opera Software for roughly 10 million USD. The development team of GameMaker remains the same, and has not caused any major development changes to GameMaker Studio.[57][58][59] In August 2021, YoYo Games announced that they would be changing their licences to offer a free version of the GameMaker engine.[60] In January 2022, YoYo Games changed GameMaker Studio 2's numbering scheme so the version corresponds to the year and the month it was released (For example, 2022.1 for January 2022).[61] In April 2022, YoYo Games dropped the GameMaker Studio 2 name in order to match its new version numbering scheme, changing it to simply GameMaker.[62]

Since 2022, GameMaker has been distributed in two release channels: monthly releases using year-and-month version numbers, and Long Term Stable (LTS) releases aimed at projects that need a fixed feature set with a longer support window. The first LTS release was based on version 2022.3, and LTS 2026.0 was released on 21 May 2026.[1] That release added support for the Nintendo Switch 2, announced in April 2025,[63][64]

LTS 2026.0 marked the GameMaker Studio 2 runtime as feature-complete, with feature development moving to GMRT, a rewritten runtime that was in beta at the time of release.[1] In April 2026, YoYoGames announced GM-CLI, a commandline toolset with optional integration of Anthropic's Claude Code for natural-language queries against project structure and build configuration.[65][66]

Notable games

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GameMaker has been used to develop a number of commercially and critically successful indie games. PC Gamer named Nidhogg, Hyper Light Drifter, Undertale and Risk of Rain among the engine's notable titles,[67] while a 2017 retrospective additionally cited Spelunky, Nuclear Throne and Hotline Miami.[35] Later titles made with GameMaker include Deltarune, Pizza Tower and Chicory: A Colorful Tale.[63][68]

Reception

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In 2017, Douglas Clements of Indie Game Magazine wrote that the program simplifies and streamlines game development and is accessible to beginners while remaining capable enough to grow with a developer, though he criticised the licensing between Steam and the YoYo Games website as convoluted.[69]

Developers interviewed by PC Gamer praised the engine's low barrier to entry, its documentation and community resources, but noted drawbacks: Nidhogg developer Mark Essen noted that GameMaker's permissiveness means projects "can get messy very quickly", and Risk of Rain developer Duncan Drummond said that experience with GameMaker does not transfer readily to other engines.[67]

GameMaker's November 2023 pricing change was widely received as a favourable contrast to Unity's Runtime Fee controversy.[70] Head of GameMaker Russell Kay said the team had seen "other platforms making awkward moves with their pricing and terms" and deliberately did the opposite.[71] Inverse reported that the announcement was met with broad approval from developers.[68]

Use in schools

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GameMaker was used in schools because of its drag and drop programming interface. It preceded programming environments which were developed for educational use such as Scratch and Walter Bender's Turtle Blocks. Its use in schools was preceded by Logo but Logo was text based rather than drag and drop. For teachers using GameMaker, it shared a Constructionist learning theory with Logo.[72][73][74][75][76][excessive citations]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 "GameMaker LTS 2026.0: New Features, GMRT and Much More". GameMaker. YoYo Games. 21 May 2026. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  2. 1 2 Vinciguerra, David; Howell, Andrew (16 October 2015). The GameMaker Standard. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-317-51469-5.
  3. ↑ Kerr, Chris. "GameMaker Studio 2 gets new low-cost 'Creators Edition'". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  4. ↑ "GDC17: GameMaker Studios 2.0 Takes On Industry Titans | Broken Joysticks". Broken Joysticks. 12 March 2017. Archived from the original on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  5. ↑ "Skeletal Animation Sprites Using Spine | Blog | YoYo Games". Yoyo Games. Archived from the original on 1 June 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  6. ↑ "Drawing". docs2.yoyogames.com. Archived from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  7. ↑ "Drawing And Creating Primitives". docs2.yoyogames.com. Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  8. ↑ "2D Game Development Engine 'GameMaker Studio 2' Debuts on macOS". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  9. ↑ "GameMaker Studio 2 gets an education edition". VentureBeat. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  10. ↑ "Compiling". docs2.yoyogames.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  11. ↑ Good, Owen (9 March 2018). "Undertale coming to Switch brings indie games' GameMaker Studio engine with it". Polygon. Retrieved 9 March 2018.
  12. ↑ Evan Lewis (6 November 2014). "Learn how to make your own video games with GameMaker: Studio at RetroGameCon". Syracuse Media Group. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  13. ↑ "This will let you say 'Happy Birthday,' 'Get Well Soon' with a video game". Alexa Ray Corriea. 22 January 2014. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  14. ↑ Moore, Bo (31 July 2014). "No coding required: How new designers are using GameMaker to create indie smash hits". PC Gamer. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  15. ↑ "GameMaker Studio 2 launches support for PS5 and Xbox Series X|S | Development News". MCV/DEVELOP. 25 February 2021.
  16. ↑ "GameMaker Runtime Licence - Enterprise". GameMaker. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  17. ↑ "Setting Up UWP For Windows 10 Desktop". GameMaker Help Centre. YoYo Games. Retrieved 8 September 2026. This guide covers the obsolete UWP target for Windows 10 Desktops, which was available in all versions of GameMaker prior to 2022.8
  18. ↑ "UWP And Xbox Live". GameMaker Manual. YoYo Games. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  19. ↑ "GMking's MarkUp Magazine - Issue 12".
  20. ↑ "YoYo Website plans | Blog | YoYo Games". Yoyo Games. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  21. ↑ Dealessandri, Marie (10 August 2021). "YoYo Games streamlines GameMaker licenses, offers new free version". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  22. ↑ "GameMaker Free for non-commercial use". twitter.com. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  23. ↑ "Opera GX and GameMaker go live with GXC, a new game platform" (Press release). Opera. 4 November 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  24. ↑ "Opera presents GX.games, a new platform to create and publish mobile games to Mobile Web on iOS and Android at once, for free" (Press release). Opera. 29 July 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  25. ↑ "Paid Games". GX Games. Opera. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  26. ↑ Christian, Brian; Isaacs, Steven (28 December 2015). GameMaker Programming By Example. Packt Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78588-847-2.
  27. ↑ Ford, Jerry Lee Jr. (1 June 2009). Getting Started with Game Maker. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1435455214.
  28. ↑ Habgood, Jacob; Overmars, Mark (31 December 2006). The Game Maker's Apprentice: Game Development for Beginners. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-0159-5.
  29. ↑ "Compiling". GameMaker Manual. YoYo Games. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  30. ↑ Elliott, Jason Lee (22 April 2013). HTML5 Game Development with GameMaker. Packt Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84969-411-7.
  31. ↑ "What New Features Are Included In GameMaker Version 2022.3?". GameMaker.
  32. ↑ "Interview: James Cox of YoYo Games about GameMaker Studio 2 | This Is Xbox". This Is Xbox. Archived from the original on 6 January 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  33. ↑ "Drag-and-Drop icons to GameMaker Language reference" (PDF).
  34. ↑ "No coding required: How new designers are using GameMaker to create indie smash hits". pcgamer. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  35. 1 2 "GameMaker Studio creators look back at 17 years of development". VentureBeat. 4 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  36. ↑ Ford, Jerry Lee Jr. (1 June 2009). Getting Started with Game Maker. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1435455214.
  37. ↑ "Game Maker Studio engine". Desura. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  38. ↑ "Game Maker Pages". 10 January 2004. Archived from the original on 10 January 2004. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  39. ↑ Ford, Jerry (2010). Getting Started with Game Maker. Course Technology, a part of Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-59863-882-0.
  40. ↑ Stanton, Rich (23 July 2015). A Brief History Of Video Games: From Atari to Virtual Reality. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 9781472118813.
  41. ↑ Habgood, Jacob; Overmars, Mark (31 December 2006). The Game Maker's Apprentice: Game Development for Beginners. Apress. ISBN 978-1-4302-0159-5.
  42. ↑ Ford, Jerry Lee Jr. (1 June 2009). Getting Started with Game Maker. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1435455214.
  43. ↑ Eric-Jon Rössel, Tairne (30 April 2010). "The Original Game-Maker". Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2015.
  44. 1 2 Rose, Mike. "YoYo Games Releases GameMaker: HTML5 Tools". Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  45. ↑ "YoYo Games unveils GameMaker: Studio for cross-platform development". VentureBeat. 22 May 2012. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  46. ↑ Ford, Jerry (2009). Getting Started with Game Maker. Cengage Learning. p. 333. ISBN 978-1133168966.
  47. ↑ "Game Maker Studio 1.1 released - csanyk.com". csanyk.com. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  48. ↑ "YoYo Games updates GameMaker: Studio to speed development time". VentureBeat. 27 August 2013. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  49. ↑ "GameMaker est disponible en version 1.3 et apporte un nouveau débogueur et le support des consoles de Sony". Developpez.com (in French). Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  50. ↑ "Welcome to GameMaker: Studio 1.4 | GameMaker Blog". 18 June 2016. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  51. ↑ Chapple, Craig (29 November 2012). "Gamemaker anti-piracy bug destroys developer assets | Game Development | News by Develop". Develop. Intent Media. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  52. ↑ "YoYo Games is Acquired by Playtech plc | YoYo Games". 26 March 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  53. ↑ "GameMaker Studio 2 enters beta". PCGamesN. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  54. ↑ GameFromScratch.com, Copyright (9 March 2017). "GameMaker Studio 2 Released". www.gamefromscratch.com. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  55. ↑ "GameMaker Studio 2: Remade to Stay Up-to-date - Gamesauce: Global Inspiration for Game Developers". www.gamesauce.biz. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
  56. ↑ Miller, George (20 August 2020). "YoYo Games launches GameMaker Studio 2 version 2.3". European Gaming Industry News.
  57. ↑ "Opera bought the owner of GameMaker for its new gaming division – Destructoid". 20 January 2021.
  58. ↑ "Opera acquires YoYo Games for $10 million and launches Opera Gaming division | VentureBeat". 20 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  59. ↑ "Opera Acquires YoYo Games, Launches Opera Gaming" (Press release).
  60. ↑ Dealessandri, Marie (10 August 2021). "oYo Games streamlines GameMaker licenses, offers new free version". gamesindustry.biz. Gamer Network Limited, a ReedPop company.
  61. ↑ "Version 2022.1 Release & "Feather" Reveal". GameMaker. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  62. ↑ "GameMaker Brand Guidelines | Download The PDF". GameMaker. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  63. 1 2 "GameMaker announces support for Nintendo Switch 2". GameMaker. YoYo Games. 2 April 2025. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  64. ↑ Vince (2 April 2025). "GameMaker has announced support for Nintendo Switch 2". MCV/DEVELOP. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  65. ↑ "GameMaker launches GMRT: The runtime professional developers have been waiting for" (Press release). Opera. 30 April 2026. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  66. ↑ "GameMaker launches new runtime to enable larger-scale development workflows". PocketGamer.biz. 30 April 2026. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  67. 1 2 "The best game engines for making your own 2D indie game". PC Gamer. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  68. 1 2 "GameMaker vs. Unity: Indie Developers Praise a "More Forgiving" Game Engine". Inverse. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  69. ↑ Douglas Clements. "'GameMaker: Studio' – Lord Over The Pixels". Indie Games Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
  70. ↑ "GameMaker goes free for non-commercial use, after Unity fallout". Destructoid. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  71. ↑ "GameMaker rolls out one-time fee commercial license, while other engines make "awkward moves" with their pricing". Game World Observer. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  72. ↑ "Bill Kerr". Bill Kerr.
  73. ↑ "Schoolgamemaker".
  74. ↑ "GameMaker for Years 3-12" (PDF).
  75. ↑ "Game-Making".
  76. ↑ "GameMaker for Education".
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