Hezion
Hezion may refer to two kings of Aram-Damascus.
10th–9th century BCE
[edit]| Hezion | |
|---|---|
| King of Aram Damascus | |
| Reign | before 887 BCE |
| Successor | Tabrimmon |
| Issue | Tabrimmon (son) |
According to the genealogy given in the Books of Kings (1 Kings 15:18), Hezion was a king of Aram-Damascus, where Ben-Hadad I is said to be the "son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, king of Aram, who lived in Damascus."[1] The passage in 1 Kings refers to King Asa of Judah, who is dated by several scholars[2] to not later than 866 BCE. In the 19th century many scholars equated him with Rezon the Syrian, an enemy of Solomon.
8th century BCE
[edit]| Ḫadiānu | |
|---|---|
| King of Aram-Damascus | |
| Reign | attested 773 BCE |
| Predecessor | Possibly Ben-Hadad III |
| Successor | Possibly Rezin |
Ḫadiānu (also called Hezion II) was an eighth-century BCE king of Aram-Damascus. He is attested in the Pazarcık Stele, composed during the reign of Shalmaneser IV and dated to 773 BCE. The inscription states that the Assyrian commander Šamši-ilu marched to Damascus and received tribute from Ḫadiānu.[3][4]
The designation Hezion II reflects the identification of Ḫadiānu with the name of the earlier, biblical Hezion. William F. Albright had previously argued that biblical Hezion was cognate with Hadianu.[5] After the discovery of the Pazarcık inscription, Wayne Pitard suggested that the eighth-century ruler might have borne the same name as the earlier Hezion, although he considered the identification uncertain.[6] Stefan Timm subsequently referred to the ruler as Hesion II.[7] K. Lawson Younger renders the name as Ḥaḏyān II and its Assyrian form as Ḫadiānu.[8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ The New Unger's Bible Dictionary Merrill F. Unger, Roland Kenneth Harrison, R. K. Harrison - 2006 "This important royal inscription in general confirms the order of early Syrian rulers as given in 1 Kings 15:18, where Ben-hadad is said to be the “son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, king of Aram, who lived in Damascus."
- ↑ "On the reliability of the Old Testament K. A. Kitchen - 2003 p 8 and 30, dates Ben-Hadad I within 910-887, and "A Survey of the Old Testament", Hill and Walton provide a chart comparing various scholars with Asa's final dates no later than 866"
- ↑ Grayson, A. Kirk (1996). Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858–745 BC). The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia, Assyrian Periods. Vol. 3. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 239–240. ISBN 0-8020-0886-0.
- ↑ "Shalmaneser IV 1". Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online. Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus. Retrieved 28 August 2026.
- ↑ Albright, William F. (1942). "A Votive Stele Erected by Ben-Hadad I of Damascus to the God Melcarth". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (87): 23–29. doi:10.2307/1355460. JSTOR 1355460.
- ↑ Pitard, Wayne T. (1987). Ancient Damascus: A Historical Study of the Syrian City-State from Earliest Times until its Fall to the Assyrians in 732 B.C.E. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 104–107. ISBN 0-931464-29-3..
- ↑ Timm, Stefan (1993). "König Hesion II. von Damaskus". Die Welt des Orients. 24: 55–84. JSTOR 25683458.
- ↑ Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (2016). A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities. Archaeology and Biblical Studies. Vol. 13. Atlanta: SBL Press. pp. 579–580, 640–641. ISBN 978-1-58983-128-5.
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