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List of tumblers (small Solar System bodies)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of tumblers, that is, small Solar System bodies or moons that do not rotate in a fairly constant manner with a constant period. Instead of rotating around a constant axis or around an axis that itself moves evenly, they appear to tumble (see Poinsot's ellipsoid for an explanation).[1] For true tumbling, the three moments of inertia must be different. If two are equal, then the axis of rotation will simply precess in a circle. As of 2018, there are 3 natural satellites and 198 confirmed or likely tumblers out of a total of nearly 800,000 discovered small Solar System bodies. The data is sourced from the "Lightcurve Data Base" (LCDB).[2][3][a] The tumbling of a body can be caused by the torque from asymmetrically emitted radiation known as the YORP effect.

Note that the rotation periods given below are apparent periods and are not constant for a tumbler. There is another definition of rotation, sometimes called intrinsic rotation, that relates to how the point on the object which is oriented along the axis of angular momentum moves around a principal axis on the object. The period for this rotation is constant, but may be quite different from the apparent rotation period. For example, for 99942 Apophis it is around 263 hours, whereas the apparent period is only around 31 hours.[4]

Natural satellites (moons)

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This is a list of tumbling natural satellites (moons) that orbit planets and dwarf planets in the Solar System.

Moon Satellite of Rotation period
(days)
Δmag Diameter
(km)
Abs. mag
(H)
Refs
HyperionSaturn~13360.2 × 266 × 205.4[5]
NixPluto1.82949.8 × 33.2 × 31.1[6]
HydraPluto0.429550.9 × 36.1 × 30.9[6]

Small Solar System bodies

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# Small Solar System bodies
(linked to articles only)
Tumbler Rotation period
(hours)
Δmag Quality
(U)
Class Tax. Diameter
(km)
Abs. mag
(H)
Refs[7]
(status) (flag)
1.103P/Hartleysuspected(T?RA)18.1–2  cometC2.2017.02MPC
2.1I/'Oumuamuasecure(T)7.92.502  rogue cometD?0.23 × 0.035 × 0.03522.08MPC
3.2000 WL107secure(T+)0.21.103  NEOS0.0424.44MPC
4.2002 CX58suspected(T?)51.71.122  NEOS0.1022.30MPC
5.2002 NY40secure(T)201.303  NEOS0.3619.23MPC
6.2004 FHsecure(T)0.11.163  NEOS0.0225.70MPC
7.2006 CTsuspected(T?)16.70.802+NEOS0.1122.20MPC
8.2006 MV1suspected(T?)0.11.142  NEOS0.0126.80MPC
9.2007 RQ12suspected(T?)0.21.901  NEOS0.0623.60MPC
10.2007 TU24secure(T)261.002  NEOS0.2620.30MPC
11.2007 VM184suspected(T?)420.362  NEOS0.1921.00MPC
12.2008 TC3secure(T)01.023  NEOF0.0030.90MPC
13.2009 DL46suspected(T?)42.31.082  NEOS0.1222.00MPC
14.2009 WV25suspected(T?)51.242  NEOS0.0524.00MPC
15.2009 XO2suspected(T?N)1.8–n.a.NEOS0.0623.50MPC
16.2010 RC130secure(T+)2.90.853  NEOS0.1122.20MPC
17.2010 WC9secure(T)0.20.953- NEOS0.0623.60MPC
18.2011 GP59secure(T+)0.12.003- NEOS0.0424.30MPC
19.2011 HSsuspected(DT?)61.802  NEOS0.1821.10MPC
20.2011 YH40suspected(T?)2.31.022  NEOS0.0822.90MPC
21.2012 FP52suspected(NT?)0–n.a.NEOS0.0424.60MPC
22.2012 QG42suspected(T?)24.21.183- NEOS0.2020.90MPC
23.2012 TC4secure(T)0.20.933  NEOS0.0126.70MPC
24.2013 ETsecure(T+)1.91.063- NEOS0.0723.10MPC
25.2013 GL8suspected(T?)64.60.682  NEOS0.5218.80MPC
26.2013 RM43secure(T)32.60.753- NEOS0.3020.00MPC
27.2013 SU24secure(T)0.21.603  NEOS0.0424.50MPC
28.2013 YL2secure(T)30.963  NEOS0.0723.10MPC
29.2014 CU13suspected(T?A)14.40.452  NEOS0.1221.90MPC
30.2014 HS184suspected(T?)20.892  NEOS0.0723.30MPC
31.2014 SC324secure(T)0.40.693  NEOS0.0424.30MPC
32.2015 JY1secure(T)6.41.163- NEOS0.2120.80MPC
33.2015 KN120suspected(T?)46.30.592  NEOS0.2520.40MPC
34.2015 VY105secure(T)00.963  NEOS0.0129.00MPC
35.2015 XCsecure(T)0.20.553- NEOS0.0325.20MPC
36.2016 BC14suspected(T?)28.51.082  NEOS0.2020.90MPC
37.2016 QS11secure(T)0.41.003  NEOS0.0225.80MPC
38.2016 UEsecure(TN)1.81.253  NEOS0.0325.10MPC
39.2017 BWsecure(T)14.50.532+NEOS0.0623.50MPC
40.2017 BY93suspected(T?A)1.80.141  NEOS0.0723.10MPC
41.2017 CF32secure(TN)3.61.303  NEOS0.0226.10MPC
42.2017 NHsecure(T)2.51.102+NEOS0.1521.50MPC
43.2018 AJsecure(T)0.71.093  NEOS0.0424.50MPC
44.333P/LINEARsuspected(T?)210.452  cometC––MPC
45.460P/PANSTARRSsecure(T)36.60.322  NEC–––MPC
46.253 Mathildesecure(T)417.70.503  MBA (middle)C58.0110.30List
47.288 Glaukesecure(T)11700.903  MBA (outer)S32.2410.00List
48.319 Leonasecure(T)4300.503  MBA (outer)C68.0110.10List
49.341 Californiasecure(T)3180.923  FloraS14.6710.55List
50.437 Rhodiasecure(T)433.20.353- MBA (inner)S14.4610.71List
51.496 Gryphiasecure(T)10721.253  FloraS15.4711.61List
52.571 Dulcineasecure(T)126.30.503  MBA (inner)S14.2911.59List
53.703 Noëmisuspected(T?)2000.782  FloraS8.5812.50List
54.763 Cupidosecure(T)151.50.453- FloraS8.9712.60List
55.1264 Letabasuspected(T?)32.70.283  MBA (outer)C74.29 9.70List
56.1278 Kenyasecure(T)1880.753  MBA (inner)S20.5610.80List
57.1451 Granösecure(T)1380.652+FloraS7.1313.10List
58.1455 Mitchellasuspected(T?)118.70.602+FloraS7.4712.80List
59.1473 Ounassecure(T+)139.10.603  MBA (inner)S17.6211.70List
60.1479 Inkerisecure(T)6601.302+MBA (middle)XFU17.5211.90List
61.1512 Oulususpected(T?)132.30.332+HildaP82.72 9.62List
62.1536 Pielinensecure(T+)66.20.853  FloraS7.8212.70List
63.1573 Väisäläsuspected(T?)2520.762  PhocaeaS9.8112.20List
64.1689 Floris-Jansuspected(T?)1450.403  MBA (inner)S16.2111.74List
65.1703 Barrysuspected(T?)107.10.503  FloraS9.5412.10List
66.1750 Eckertsecure(T)3750.873- HungariaS6.9713.15List
67.1775 Zimmerwaldsecure(T)1220.602+EunomiaS11.5512.00List
68.1989 Tatrysuspected(T?)131.30.502  VestianC17.6012.50List
69.2000 Herschelsecure(T+)1301.162  MBA (inner)S16.7111.25List
70.2035 Stearnssecure(T)930.702+HungariaXe5.2813.00List
71.2045 Pekingsecure(T)82.40.802  VestianS11.8312.00List
72.2554 Skiffsuspected(T?)2730.902  FloraS7.8212.70List
73.2672 Piseksuspected(T?)8310.902+EunomiaS9.6012.40List
74.2675 Tolkiensuspected(T?)10600.752+FloraS9.8512.20List
75.2705 Wusecure(T)150.51.203- FloraS6.2113.20List
76.2731 Cuculasuspected(T?)61.60.402+MBA (outer)C50.8510.80List
77.2733 Haminasuspected(T?)93.20.482  MBA (inner)S8.1812.80List
78.2942 Cordiesecure(T)801.102  FloraS6.8113.00List
79.3160 Angerhofersuspected(T?)44.70.322  ErigoneC11.1113.50List
80.3288 Seleucussecure(T)751.003  NEOS2.2015.50List
81.3447 Burckhaltersecure(T+)59.80.393  HungariaE7.6312.20List
82.3691 Bedesecure(T)226.80.502  NEOX1.8315.22List
83.3833 Calingastasecure(T)1991.203  Mars crosserC2.5915.30List
84.4142 Dersu-Uzalasuspected(T?)1400.602  HungariaS7.1313.10List
85.4179 Toutatissecure(T)1761.463  NEOS2.4515.30List
86.4450 Pansecure(T)56.50.643  NEOS1.1317.10List
87.4678 Niniansuspected(T?)56.71.043- FloraS5.1713.60List
88.4690 Strasbourgsecure(T)69.20.802  HungariaE4.6213.60List
89.4718 Arakisuspected(T?)46.40.162  VestianS7.1313.10List
90.4750 Mukaisuspected(T?)38.30.402  FloraS4.5013.90List
91.4902 Thessandrussecure(T)7380.602  Jupiter trojanC61.04 9.80List
92.5171 Augustesensuspected(T?)4800.803  VestianS6.5013.30List
93.5202 Charleseliotsuspected(T?)1830.582  MBA (inner)S9.5313.37List
94.5247 Krylovsecure(T+)81.51.502  PhocaeaS10.0612.20List
95.5378 Ellyettsecure(T+)47.30.482  HungariaC4.2213.80List
96.5577 Priestleysecure(T)1600.853- HungariaS4.3014.20List
97.(5645) 1990 SPsecure(T)30.40.702  NEOS1.6517.24List
98.5851 Inagawasuspected(T?)367.50.903  EunomiaS9.6012.40List
99.5887 Yauzasuspected(T?)54.80.302  FloraS5.9313.30List
100.5967 Edithlevysecure(T)660.703- HungariaE4.2213.80List
101.6063 Jasonsecure(T)48.60.122  NEOS1.9615.90List
102.6183 Viscomesuspected(T?)4530.903- Mars crosserS5.4113.70List
103.6192 Javiergorosabelsecure(T+)78.90.953  MBA (inner)S7.3912.80List
104.6271 Farmersuspected(T?)2500.222  HungariaE4.6213.60List
105.6461 Adamsecure(T)740.762  HungariaE3.3514.30List
106.6779 Perrinesuspected(T?)72.31.162  FloraS4.3014.00List
107.7352 Hypsenorsecure(T)6480.303- Jupiter trojanC58.29 9.90List
108.7421 Kusakasecure(T)96.50.702  MBA (middle)S8.3913.50List
109.7430 Koguresecure(T)335.90.572  MBA (inner)S7.8212.90List
110.(7743) 1986 JAsuspected(T?)146.80.933- MBA (inner)S5.9313.50List
111.8130 Seebergsuspected(T?)38.10.423- HildaC24.3011.80List
112.(9400) 1994 TW1suspected(T?)97.11.042  NEOS3.1114.90List
113.9739 Powellsuspected(T?)1090.402  HungariaE3.8213.70List
114.(10772) 1990 YMsuspected(T?)691.303- PhocaeaS6.9613.00List
115.11579 Tsujitsukasuspected(T?)56.61.192  EunomiaS5.2813.70List
116.(13331) 1998 SU52suspected(T?)3750.803- Jupiter trojanC29.2111.40List
117.13553 Masaakikoyamasecure(NT)381.102  NEOS1.3816.71List
118.(13651) 1997 BRsecure(T)33.61.203  NEOS0.7318.05List
119.14395 Tommorgansecure(T)35.50.612+HungariaE2.1115.30List
120.14764 Kilaueasecure(T+)19.81.202  HungariaE2.7914.70List
121.15977 Pyraechmessuspected(T?)2500.302- Jupiter trojanC46.3010.40List
122.16064 Davidharveysecure(T)178.50.702  NEOC4.1016.56List
123.16589 Hastrupsecure(T)1280.622  HungariaE2.1914.96List
124.(16843) 1997 XX3suspected(T?)2750.412  HildaC21.1612.10List
125.(16896) 1998 DS9suspected(T?)7080.433- PhocaeaS6.0613.30List
126.(17584) 1994 XF1secure(T)4.60.563- MBA (inner)S5.1613.80List
127.19763 Klimeshsuspected(T?)1010.672  PhocaeaS7.2913.27List
128.(20231) 1997 YKsuspected(T?)1780.702  HungariaE3.8514.00List
129.(20628) 1999 TS40suspected(T?)68.11.042  HildaC16.8112.60List
130.(24077) 1999 TD233secure(T)30.91.612  HungariaE2.6614.80List
131.(24242) 1999 XY100secure(T+)49.90.602  Mars crosserS3.7414.50List
132.(25076) 1998 QM98secure(T)58.30.352  HungariaE2.0215.40List
133.(28017) 1997 YV13suspected(T?)470.152  MBA (inner)S5.0013.91List
134.(29147) 1988 GGsecure(T)990.802+PhocaeaS4.6013.90List
135.29292 Conniewalkersecure(T+)30.60.633- PhocaeaS4.5713.59List
136.(31832) 2000 AP59secure(T)640.802  Mars crosserS3.4114.70List
137.33319 Kunqususpected(T?)1050.902+HungariaE2.4315.00List
138.(33736) 1999 NY36suspected(T?)2110.402  MBA (outer)C10.6113.60List
139.(36298) 2000 JF10suspected(T?)820.752- HungariaE2.7914.70List
140.(36316) 2000 LC12secure(T)56.51.222  HungariaE2.9214.60List
141.(38063) 1999 FHsuspected(T?)9900.552  Mars crosserS3.9214.40List
142.(38071) 1999 GU3suspected(T?)2161.503  NEOS0.3619.60List
143.(39618) 1994 LTsecure(T)1400.852  HungariaE2.0215.40List
144.(39796) 1997 TDsuspected(T?)223.50.922  NEOS2.1515.70List
145.(42843) 1999 RV11secure(T)8941.322  PhocaeaS3.4914.50List
146.(43606) 2001 XQ2suspected(T?)871.302- HungariaE1.4016.20List
147.(53319) 1999 JM8secure(T)1360.702  NEOX7.0015.20List
148.(54789) 2001 MZ7secure(T+)37.61.403  NEOS2.9715.00List
149.(55532) 2001 WG2secure(T)46.10.552  NEOS1.8816.00List
150.(58155) 1988 VDsuspected(T?)7.10.362+HungariaE2.1115.30List
151.(64107) 2001 TK8suspected(T?)68.51.312  HungariaE2.5414.90List
152.65637 Tsniimashsecure(T)2200.903  HungariaE3.3514.30List
153.(68547) 2001 XW29secure(T+)36.70.603- HungariaE2.3215.10List
154.(69350) 1993 YPsuspected(AT?)31.80.952  HungariaE2.1115.30List
155.79316 Huangshansuspected(T?)4930.622+HungariaE2.6614.80List
156.(85867) 1999 BY9suspected(T?)250.901+NEOS0.7518.00List
157.(85953) 1999 FK21suspected(T?)68.40.872+NEOS0.7118.10List
158.(86039) 1999 NC43suspected(T?A)34.51.102- NEOQ2.2216.10List
159.(86666) 2000 FL10suspected(T?)2060.852  NEOS1.2416.90List
160.(89136) 2001 US16secure(T)14.40.902  NEOS0.2620.29List
161.99942 Apophissecure(T)30.61.143  NEOQ0.3519.09List
162.(120578) 1995 QV12suspected(T?)72.40.512  MBA (outer)C3.3516.10List
163.(125742) 2001 XT117suspected(T?)60.81.403  PhocaeaC2.6515.10List
164.(134422) 1998 QM3secure(T)25.40.652+HungariaE1.6015.90List
165.(134549) 1999 RN154suspected(T?)1240.552- FloraS1.9715.70List
166.(143404) 2003 BD44suspected(T?)78.61.052+NEOS1.2416.90List
167.(143651) 2003 QO104suspected(T?)114.41.603  NEOS1.8816.00List
168.(152679) 1998 KU2secure(T)1251.352  NEOS1.4216.60List
169.(154807) 2004 PP97suspected(T?)1610.962  NEOS0.5718.60List
170.(162004) 1991 VEsecure(T+)13.51.113  NEOS0.6818.20List
171.(162900) 2001 HG31secure(T)60.60.563  NEOS2.0615.80List
172.(163732) 2003 KP2suspected(NT?)151.11.703  NEOS2.4715.40List
173.(163899) 2003 SD220suspected(T?)2852.202+NEOS1.0317.30List
174.(168381) 1997 LY4secure(T)46.11.003  Mars crosserS1.3016.80List
175.(181882) 1999 RF14suspected(T?)2.50.201  Mars crosserS3.7414.50List
176.(183581) 2003 SY84suspected(T?)2600.872  Mars crosserS2.8415.10List
177.(206378) 2003 RBsuspected(T?)37.50.432  NEOS0.5418.70List
178.(214869) 2007 PA8secure(T)102.20.583  NEOS1.3816.67List
179.(217807) 2000 XK44secure(T)51.91.203  NEOQ0.7118.10List
180.(232368) 2003 AZ2suspected(T?)31.10.962+NEOS0.6518.30List
181.(253106) 2002 UR3suspected(T?)1800.362  NEOS1.4216.60List
182.(267337) 2001 VK5suspected(T?)39.10.922  NEOS0.7817.90List
183.(306790) 2001 KB1suspected(T?)710.852  Mars crosserS3.4114.70List
184.(331471) 1984 QY1secure(T)45.50.652  NEOS2.2515.60List
185.367943 Duendesecure(T)8.71.793  NEOS0.0524.00List
186.(368664) 2005 JA22suspected(T?)31.70.922+NEOS0.5718.60List
187.(374158) 2004 ULsecure(T)381.202  NEOS0.5218.80List
188.(380929) 2006 HU30suspected(T?)490.172  NEOS0.3619.60List
189.(388945) 2008 TZ3suspected(T?)44.20.562  NEOS0.2520.40List
190.398188 Agnisecure(T)221.122  NEOS0.3719.50List
191.(416186) 2002 TD60secure(T+)2.92.003  NEOS0.4019.90List
192.(443103) 2013 WT67suspected(T?)1351.102  NEOS0.7518.00List
193.(444193) 2005 SE71secure(T)66.80.802  NEOS0.7118.10List
194.(464798) 2004 JX20secure(T+)360.382  NEOS0.3919.40List
195.(467317) 2000 QW7suspected(NT?)71.31.002  NEOS0.3319.80List
196.(467336) 2002 LT38suspected(T?)21.81.162+NEOS0.2420.50List
197.(477762) 2010 XZ67suspected(T?)150.212- NEOS0.3419.70List
198.(511137) 2013 XM24secure(T)37.90.802  NEOS0.4719.00List

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Data source, reference: Warner, B.D., Harris, A.W., Pravec, P. (2009). Icarus 202, 134-146.[3] Updated November 2017. See: www.MinorPlanet.info

References

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  1. ↑ Harris, Alan W. (January 1994). "Tumbling asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 107 (1): 209. Bibcode:1994Icar..107..209H. doi:10.1006/icar.1994.1017. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. ↑ "LCDB: Summary Table Query Form". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  3. ↑ Warner, Brian D.; Harris, Alan W.; Pravec, Petr (July 2009). "The asteroid lightcurve database". Icarus. 202 (1): 134–146. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..134W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.003. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  4. ↑ P. Pravec; et al. (2014). "The tumbling spin state of (99942) Apophis" (PDF). Icarus. 233: 48–60. Bibcode:2014Icar..233...48P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.026. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2016. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
  5. ↑ "Hyperion In Depth". NASA. Retrieved 2019-02-26.
  6. 1 2 Verbiscer, A. J.; Porter, S. B.; Buratti, B. J.; Weaver, H. A.; Spencer, J. R.; Showalter, M. R.; Buie, M. W.; Hofgartner, J. D.; Hicks, M. D.; Ennico-Smith, K.; Olkin, C. B.; Stern, S. A.; Young, L. A.; Cheng, A. (2018). "Phase Curves of Nix and Hydra from the New Horizons Imaging Cameras". The Astrophysical Journal. 852 (2): L35. Bibcode:2018ApJ...852L..35V. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aaa486.
  7. ↑ "MinorPlanet.info: One Asteroid Information". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 9 March 2026. (Select number or name of the object)
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