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Timeline of the city of Rome

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The city of Rome, Italy, has had an extensive history since antiquity.

Early history

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Tradition states that Romulus and Remus were raised by a wolf before founding Rome in 753 BC.
  • 1000 BC – Latins begin to settle in Italy
  • 753 BC - City of Rome established by Romulus and Remus according to Livius.
A map of Rome in 753 BC. Colours show topography, with green lowlands and brown highlands. The Latin names of hills are included in all caps.
  • After 578 BC Servius Tullius built a circum wall around Rome.
A map of the City of the Four Regions, roughly corresponding to the city limits during the later kingdom. The division is traditionally, though probably incorrectly, attributed to Servius Tullius

Republic

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19th-century painting of the Gallic leader Brennus looting Rome after the Battle of the Allia in 390 BC
Map of the city of Rome in 44 BC

Imperial city

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St Peter, regarded in Catholic tradition as the first Pope, is believed to have been crucified in Rome during the reign of Nero (c. 64–67 AD).[2]
The Colosseum opened in 80 AD
  • 27 BC - Augustus is made Rome's first emperor.
  • 13 BC - The Senate commissions the Ara Pacis to honor Augustus' return to Rome.
  • c. 60 AD - Paul the Apostle arrives in Rome.
  • 64 AD - The Great Fire of Rome, rumored to be blamed by Nero on the Christians.
  • c. 65 AD - Blamed for causing the Great Fire, Christians in the city are persecuted.
  • 72 AD - Work on the Flavian Amphitheatre (Colosseum) begins.
  • 80 AD - While Titus is inspecting the damage of the eruption of Vesuvius, a fire breaks out in the city for three days, destroying Capitoline temples and the Pantheon.[3]
  • 125 AD - Emperor Hadrian has the Pantheon reconstructed, assuming its current appearance.
  • 212 AD - All the inhabitants of the empire are granted citizenship of Rome.
  • 216 AD - Work on the Baths of Caracalla is completed.
  • 217 AD - Fire, possibly caused by a lightning strike, damages the Flavian Amphitheatre.[4]
  • 225 AD - Mathematicians allowed to teach publicly at Rome.[citation needed]
  • 247 AD - The first millennium of Rome is celebrated.
  • 270 AD - Construction of the Aurelian Wall begins.
Aurelian wall around 280 AD
The most important buildings inside city of late ancient Rome

Late antiquity and early medieval period

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19th-century painting of the Visigothic Sack of Rome in 410 AD
A map of the city of Rome in the 10th and 11th centuries

High Middle Ages

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The Papal throne in the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran dates from the 13th century
  • 1084 - The city of Rome is attacked by the Normans
  • 1108 - The church of San Clemente is in this year rebuilt.
  • 1140 - The church of Santa Maria in Trastevere is restored.
  • 1200 - The city becomes an independent commune
  • 1232 - The cloisters in the Basilica of St. John Lateran are finished.
  • 1300 - Pope Boniface VIII proclaims the First Holy Year.
  • 1309 - The Papacy is moved to Avignon under Pope Clement V
  • 1347 - The patriot and rebel Cola di Rienzo tries to restore the Roman Republic.
  • 1348 - As in most of Europe, the Black Death strikes Rome.

Roman Renaissance

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From 1508 to 1512, Michelangelo painted the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

Baroque period

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The Church of the Gesù was the first Baroque structure, built in 1568
The current St. Peter's Basilica was finished in 1626
Rome around 1642
  • 1651 - Piazza Navona is fully re-designed by Bernini.
  • 1653 - Pope Innocent X issues the bull "Cum occasione impressionis libri" condemning heresy of Jansenism.
  • 1656 - Bernini's colonnades in St. Peter's Square are begun.
  • 1657 - Borromini finishes his work in Sant' Agnese in Agone.
  • 1676 - Pope Innocent XI (1676-1689) initiates major reforms; stabilises papal finances; condemn nepotism; upgrades clerical morals; finances Austria's wars against Ottoman Empire to protect Vienna and Hungary. However he fails in efforts to reduce royal control of the Church in France.
  • 1694 - The Palazzo di Montecitorio is finished.
  • 1732 - Work on the Trevi Fountain begins.
  • 1734 - The Palazzo Nuovo is made by Pope Clement XII the world's first public museum.
  • 1735 - The Spanish Steps are designed.
  • 1751 - The Views of Rome by Piranesi revives interest in Rome's classical ruins.
  • 1762 - The Trevi Fountain is completed.
  • 1792 - Pope Clement XIII tomb by Canova is completed.
  • 1797 - Napoleon Bonaparte captures Rome.
  • 1798 - New Roman Republic declared by Napoleon, Pope Pius VI exiled.
  • 1799 - Napoleon is driven out of Rome and Italy by the Russians and the Austrians

19th century and Risorgimento

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Illustration of the proclamation of the 1849 Roman Republic in the Piazza del Popolo.
  • 1800 - 1801 - Napoleon retakes Italy and Rome.
Rome around 1800

20th century and modern Rome

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The Altare della Patria was built in honour of King Victor Emmanuel II in 1911
Fascists, led by Benito Mussolini, at the March on Rome in 1922

21st century

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See also

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Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)

References

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  1. ↑ Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
  2. ↑ "Peter's Fate". Christian History Institute. Retrieved 2026-02-27.
  3. ↑ Brian Jones, The Emperor Domitian (London: Routledge, 1992), p. 80
  4. ↑ Cassius Dio, lxxviii.25
  5. ↑ Deborah Mauskopf Deliyannis. Ravenna in Late Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 46. ISBN 9781107612907
  6. 1 2 "History - AEROPORTI DI ROMA". AEROPORTI DI ROMA. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
  7. ↑ "Our history". Atac. Retrieved 2026-04-20.
  8. ↑ "Rome 1991". Eurovision.tv. Archived from the original on 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2026-04-20.

Further reading

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